压力无处不在:隐藏的危机
1Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
Annals of African medicine
|March 2, 2026
概括
慢性压力显著影响健康,通过炎症和免疫抑制导致非传染性疾病. 将压力评估和管理纳入医疗保健是有效治疗和预防的关键.
科学领域:
- 健康科学 卫生科学 卫生科学
- 心理神经免疫学 心理神经免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 压力是健康和疾病发病的一个普遍因素.
- 慢性压力导致全静电负荷,其特征是延长的下丘脑-垂体-上腺轴和交感神经系统激活,导致皮质醇升高,炎症和免疫抑制.
- 非传染性疾病 (NCDs) 是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因,慢性压力越来越被认为是共同的贡献因素.
研究的目的:
- 审查压力与健康之间的复杂关系,特别关注其在非传染性疾病 (NCD) 和传染性疾病中的作用.
- 突出医疗保健机构对压力的不充分理解和临床管理.
- 强调对压力评估和管理的标准化工具和干预措施的需求.
主要方法:
- 这是一篇综述性文章,综合了有关压力及其健康影响的现有文献.
- 该综述侧重于将慢性压力与疾病联系起来的生理机制,包括炎症和免疫反应.
- 它检查了当前临床应激管理方法,并确定了实践中的差距.
主要成果:
- 慢性压力会加剧心血管疾病,破坏肠-大脑轴,对生殖健康产生负面影响,并增加早产和低出生体重的风险.
- 在专注于身体疾病的临床环境中,压力往往被忽视,评估不频繁,管理指导有限.
- 现有的框架,如世界卫生组织的心理健康行动计划,应对压力,但在执行和资源分配方面面临挑战.
结论:
- 标准化工具和干预措施对于评估和管理医疗保健中的压力至关重要.
- 医疗培训应包括压力管理教育,以为提供者提供适当的治疗.
- 心理社会支持,生活方式优化和弹性训练是应对压力的综合医疗保健的重要组成部分.
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