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外体和肝细胞癌中的PD-1/PD-L1轴之间的相互作用:对免疫逃逸和免疫疗法的影响

Minghao Chen¹, Wei Wang¹, Dawei Jie¹

¹Endocrine Department, Qujing Second People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Qujing, China, 655000.

Critical reviews in oncology/hematology

|March 2, 2026

概括

外基因组通过调节PD-1/PD-L1轴来驱动肝细胞癌 (HCC) 的免疫抑制,有助于免疫逃避和抵抗免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI). 向外体组为HCC免疫疗法提供了新的治疗途径.

科学领域:

在瘤学瘤学.
免疫学免疫学免疫学
生物化学生物化学

背景情况:

肝细胞癌 (HCC) 是一种具有高度免疫抑制性瘤微环境的致命癌症.
这种微环境限制了免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 的有效性.
外体在编排和放大HCC的免疫功能障碍方面发挥着关键作用.

研究的目的:

审查外体细胞通过何种机制调节HCC中的PD-1/PD-L1轴.
突出外体的实用性作为液体活检生物标志物用于ICI反应.
讨论针对外体介导免疫抑制的新兴治疗策略.

主要方法:

文献综述综合了当前的机械学见解.
对外体载荷 (例如PD-L1,微RNA, lncRNA) 的分析及其对免疫细胞的影响.
对外体生物标志物的评估,以预测ICI反应.

主要成果:

外基因组,特别是那些富含PD-L1的外基因组,通过增强PD-1/PD-L1轴,在HCC中强化免疫抑制.
外体载荷促进T细胞功能障碍,调节T细胞扩张和免疫排除.
循环外体生物标志物 (PD-L1,CCT3,lncRNAs) 显示了ICI反应的预测价值.

结论:

外体是HCC中免疫抑制性瘤微环境的关键调节者.
向外体介导免疫抑制是一种增强HCC免疫疗法的有希望的策略.
外体生物标志物为HCC提供了个性化治疗方法的潜力.

关键词:

外基因组是外基因组中的一个.在HCC中,HCC是HCC.免疫逃生免疫逃生免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.在PD-1中使用PD-1.在PD-L1中.

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