植物性乳制品和海鲜替代品的微量营养物强化 - - 五年来变化的研究
Katie Nicol1, Anne P Nugent2,3, Jayne V Woodside2,4
1Discipline of Nutrition, Exercise, Chronobiology and Sleep, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH.
The British journal of nutrition
|March 3, 2026
概括
植物替代品 (PBA) 越来越受欢迎,但强化不一致,造成缺乏症的风险. 需要公共卫生指导和强化政策来解决这个日益严重的问题.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 越来越多的消费者转向基于植物的替代品 (PBA) 由于对动物来源食品的环境担忧.
- 对于甲状腺功能和认知发育至关重要,乳制品和海鲜是主要来源.
- 基于植物的替代品往往缺乏足够的强化,引发了对潜在的缺乏问题的担忧.
研究的目的:
- 评估2020年至2024年在英国超市中植物性牛奶,酸奶,奶酪和海鲜替代品的强化变化.
- 确定强化在日益增长的PBA市场中的流行程度和一致性.
- 评估PBA摄入量增加对摄入量的潜在公共卫生影响.
主要方法:
- 在2020年至2024年期间,每年12月在线进行英国超市的横截面调查.
- 提取产品营养和成分数据,用于植物性牛奶,酸奶,奶酪和海鲜替代品.
- 在研究期间分析了PBA数量及其强化水平的趋势.
主要成果:
- 在2020年至2024年期间,PBA的数量增加了55%,在2024年确定了466种产品.
- 在PBA中强化仍然不一致:在2024年,48%的非有机牛奶替代品被强化,而只有5%的酸奶和4%的奶酪替代品. 没有发现强化海鲜替代品.
- 虽然自2020年以来的强化增加了,但它远远落后于和维生素B12的强化水平.
结论:
- 尽管加强了强化,但大多数PBA仍然是的不良来源,仅提供了牛奶中含量的75-83%.
- 随着PBA市场的不断扩大,特别是非强化选项,存在严重的风险,可能会使英国人口的缺乏症恶化.
- 迫切需要更明确的公共卫生指导和改进的食品强化政策,以确保从PBA中摄入足够的.
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