[风险组患者对乙型肝炎疫苗接种的反应]
Victoria García Martín1, Eva Jiménez González de Buitrago2, Bárbara Arana Aragón2
1Médico Interno Residente. Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor. Madrid. España.
Revista espanola de salud publica
|March 3, 2026
概括
大多数人对乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 疫苗接种有反应,但老年人表现出免疫反应减弱. 保持最新的疫苗接种计划对于有效的保护至关重要,特别是在老年人群中.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 接种乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 疫苗的5-10%的人未能产生保护性抗体水平.
- 几个因素可能会对免疫反应产生负面影响.
- 面临风险的人群往往需要仔细监测疫苗的疗效.
研究的目的:
- 评估高危人群对HBV疫苗接种的免疫反应.
- 分析疫苗接种计划 (初级与辅助疫苗),年龄,性别和风险组如何影响免疫反应.
- 为了确定影响HBV疫苗接种后血清转化率的因素.
主要方法:
- 从2021年4月到2023年6月进行了一项纵向描述性研究.
- 包括来自风险组的77名患者 (艾滋病毒,免疫抑制,慢性病).
- 免疫反应 (HBsAbs ≥10 mUI/ml) 用基平方和基于年龄,性别和疫苗接种状态的逻辑回归来分析.
主要成果:
- 77名患者中有87%的患者获得了足够的免疫反应 (HBsAbs ≥10mUI/ml).
- 年龄显著影响了反应率:96.8%的40岁以下的患者有反应,相比之下,50%的55岁以上的患者有反应 (p=0.002).
- 年龄较大 (55岁以上) 与年轻人相比,免疫反应充足的概率降低了96% (OR=0.04,p=0.028).
结论:
- 大多数针对HBV接种疫苗的个体都会产生适当的免疫反应.
- 高龄是与HBV疫苗接种免疫反应减弱相关的重要因素.
- 完整和更新的疫苗接种计划对于确保有效的保护至关重要,特别是在老年人中.
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