[哥斯达黎加的无偿长期护理:国家储蓄和社会债务]
Alexander Chaverri-Carvajal1, Ximena Alvarenga Fournier2
1Centre d'Estudis Demogràfics, Barcelona, España.
Gaceta sanitaria
|March 3, 2026
概括
哥斯达黎加的非正式照顾者为国家提供了相当大的节省,相当于GDP的0.49% - 0.76%. 然而,目前对长期护理的公共投资非常低,使大多数依赖者没有支持.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 社会政策 社会政策 社会政策
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
背景情况:
- 在长期护理系统中,非正式护理人员提供了必要的无薪劳动力.
- 由于人口结构的变化,哥斯达黎加面临越来越多的长期护理服务需求.
- 非正式照顾者的经济贡献往往没有得到认可和补偿.
研究的目的:
- 量化哥斯达黎加无偿非正式照顾者的经济价值.
- 估计需要的公共投资,以满足强制性的长期护理服务.
- 分析非正式护理和公共支持之间的差距.
主要方法:
- 混合方法方法结合经济估值和调查.
- 对正式服务 (住宅,日间中心,远程辅助) 的自上而下的成本分析.
- 家庭非正式护理的替代成本方法.
- 分析行政微数据,国家调查 (2023年残疾调查,2024年家庭调查) 和机构记录.
主要成果:
- 非正式的护理产生的国家节省的0.49% (中等依赖) 到0.76% (严重依赖) 的GDP.
- 目前对长期护理的公共投资仅占国内生产总值的0.08%.
- 存在很大的差距,有94%的依赖人口缺乏公共支持,突出依赖家庭护理人员,主要是女性.
结论:
- 哥斯达黎加国家因无偿的非正式照顾而从巨大的结构性节约中受益.
- 目前的长期护理系统是不可持续的,严重依赖于无偿的家庭劳动.
- 强调迫切需要可持续的资金,可访问的公共服务和对非正式照顾者的强有力的支持.
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