长期COVID-19感染心血管后急性后果的危险因素:香港的一项嵌套病例控制研究
Qiuyan Yu1,2, Min Fan1, Celia Jiaxi Lin3
1Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
NPJ cardiovascular health
|March 3, 2026
概括
住院治疗COVID-19和外周血管疾病增加了心脏PASC风险. 接种COVID-19疫苗和频繁的医疗保健访问是预防心脏PASC的保护因素,特别是在高风险人群中.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学 心脏病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) 后急性后续可能会影响多个器官系统,包括心血管系统.
- 与心脏相关的PASC在COVID-19感染后对健康造成重大负担.
- 了解心脏PASC的风险因素对于有针对性的预防和管理策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查与心脏相关的PASC相关的风险因素.
- 为了确定特定的先前存在的条件和人口因素,使个人倾向于心脏PASC.
- 评估COVID-19疫苗接种和医疗保健利用对心脏PASC发展的潜在保护作用.
主要方法:
- 使用来自香港医院管理局的电子健康记录,采用嵌套病例控制研究设计.
- 病例被定义为至少有一个心脏相关的PASC诊断的患者,对照组与没有心脏PASC的人匹配.
- 使用多变量条件逻辑回归分析来确定风险因素和与心脏相关的PASC之间的关联,并采用发病率密度抽样进行对照选择 (1:10比).
主要成果:
- 与COVID-19相关的住院治疗 (aOR: 1.41) 和外周血管疾病 (aOR: 2.98) 与心脏相关的PASC风险增加显著相关.
- 较高剂量的COVID-19疫苗接种表明具有保护作用 (2剂量:aOR 0.68;≥3剂量:aOR 0.56).
- 增加医疗保健利用次数 (aOR:0.95) 也与患心脏相关PASC.的可能性降低有关.
结论:
- 由于COVID-19而导致的外周血管疾病和住院治疗被确定为这组中国人口中与心脏相关的PASC的关键风险因素.
- 接种COVID-19疫苗可以保护心脏PASC,强调其在缓解感染后心血管并发症方面的重要性.
- 建议优先为高风险人群接种疫苗,以减少与心脏相关的PASC的发生率.
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