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Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance01:07

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Incorporating Hepatic Transporter-Mediated Clearance

Drug transporters are critical in drug absorption, distribution, and excretion processes. They should be included in physiological-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, which help predict human drug disposition. However, predicting this is challenging during drug development, especially when liver transport is involved. However, with a realistic representation of body transport processes, an accurate model may be possible.
A recent model describes pravastatin's hepatobiliary excretion, mediated...
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods01:30

Measurement of Bioavailability: Pharmacokinetic Methods

Pharmacokinetics is a vital branch of pharmacology that examines how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. Two key methodologies in pharmacokinetics are plasma drug concentration studies and urinary drug excretion analyses, both of which provide critical insights into a drug's therapeutic efficacy and bioavailability.Plasma Drug Concentration-Time StudiesPlasma drug concentration-time studies involve analyzing blood samples at specific intervals to quantify...
Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug absorption...
Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components01:14

Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Relationship: Model Components

Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) modeling is essential in drug development and clinical pharmacology. It provides a quantitative framework to predict drug behavior and response over time. This approach integrates pharmacokinetics (PK), which describes the drug's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, with pharmacodynamics (PD), which characterizes the drug’s biological effects and mechanisms of action.The disposition kinetics of a drug determine its plasma...
Toxicokinetics: Overview01:21

Toxicokinetics: Overview

Studies that assess how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted (ADME) at toxic doses are termed toxicokinetics. Understanding toxicokinetics helps predict adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and manage toxicity in humans.Toxicokinetics differs from pharmacokinetics mainly in the dose levels studied, with toxicokinetics focusing on higher toxic doses. The kinetics at these levels can be non-linear due to altered physiological processes. Toxicodynamics examines the relationship...

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相关实验视频

Updated: May 16, 2026

A Whole Cell Bioreporter Approach to Assess Transport and Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Water Unsaturated Systems
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Published on: December 24, 2014

推进毒动力学-毒动力学建模,以评估沉积物的动力生物可用性.

Zhi Lin1, Wenze Xiao1, Qiao-Guo Tan1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Coastal and Wetland Ecosystem, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.

Environmental science & technology
|March 4, 2026
PubMed
概括

这项研究引入了沉积物中毒动力学-毒动力学 (TKTD) 模型的稳定同位素追踪. 这种方法通过将铜吸收,消除和鱼存活率联系起来来改善生态风险评估.

关键词:
这种表达方式的特点是:基于过程的模型模型.鲁迪塔佩斯 菲律宾 罗马沉积物风险评估 沉积物风险评估

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13:16

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科学领域:

  • 环境毒理学环境毒理学
  • 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
  • 水生毒理学 水生毒理学

背景情况:

  • 传统的沉积物风险评估使用固定的终点,缺少动态暴露效应相互作用.
  • 毒动力学-毒动力学 (TKTD) 模型将暴露,内部剂量和影响联系起来,但缺乏沉积物应用方法.
  • 沉积物TKTD模型的高质量的动力数据受到跟踪方法可用性的限制.

研究的目的:

  • 为沉积物TKTD研究开发一种新的稳定同位素追踪方法.
  • 在一个沉积物TKTD模型中将生物积累和毒性纳入铜 (Cu).
  • 建立用于评估河口生态系统中慢性风险的机械生物利用性基准.

主要方法:

  • 在沉积物暴露之前,预先标记的 (Ruditapes philippinarum) 在水中具有稳定的65Cu.
  • 同时跟踪65Cu消除和环境Cu吸收暴露在Cu修改沉积物中的.
  • 开发了一种沉积物TKTD模型,将生物积累和鱼存活在不同的Cu生物可用性中整合起来.

主要成果:

  • 建立了一种沉积物TKTD模型,证明中的特定物种Cu消除和耐受性.
  • 确定了Cu摄入量和生物可用Cu之间的迈凯利斯-门关系.
  • 衍生的慢性值:基于DGT-Cu的LC50-慢性=42微克L-1和NECDGT=34微克L-1.

结论:

  • 稳定同位素追踪可以在沉积物中进行TKTD建模,从而推进基于过程的生态风险评估.
  • 开发的框架可用于评估污染物在河口环境中的生物可用性.
  • 机械生物利用性基准为沉积物风险管理提供了改进的慢性值.