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交叉调节进化揭示了感官权衡作为时间利基进化的遗传基础
Xiaofang Zhou1, Deng Pan2, Jiong Zhou1
1School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
Science advances
|March 4, 2026
概括
哺乳动物通过改变基因进化了新的感官能力. 塔皮尔展示了监管要素的变化如何影响视觉和听觉,为感官进化提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 感官神经科学是一种神经科学.
背景情况:
- 哺乳动物的感觉系统由于活动模式的进化转变而经历了重塑.
- 塔皮尔表现出独特的进化轨迹,从阴道的祖先过渡到夜间的利基,影响它们的感觉模式.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究鱼在适应夜间的过程中感官重塑的遗传基础.
- 探索血统特异性基因和 cis-regulatory 元素进化在塑造感官路径中的作用.
主要方法:
- 为两个塔皮尔物种 (Tapirus terrestris和Tapirus indicus) 生成高质量的染色体级基因组.
- 进行比较基因组分析,以确定与感官相关的基因和调节元件的谱系特异性变化.
- 使用CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑在模型生物体 (小鼠) 中进行功能验证,以评估特定非编码元素 (CNE74) 的影响.
主要成果:
- 鉴定出了广泛的基因和与鱼感官路径相关的 cis-regulatory 元素的谱系特异性重塑.
- 证明在小鼠的FLT1基因上游编辑一种特异于鱼的保存非编码元件 (CNE74),可诱导类感官效应.
- 在被编辑CNE74.4的小鼠中观察到视网膜退化,视力敏度降低和听觉敏感度提高.
结论:
- 调节元件的进化可以在时间利基适应过程中推动竞争性感官模式的协调变化.
- 这些发现为哺乳动物的感官进化提供了遗传洞察力,使用鱼作为模型.
- 这项研究突出了对理解人类视网膜血管疾病的潜在相关性.
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