食物过敏原的微生物代谢决定了IgE介导过敏症的严重程度
Elisa Sánchez-Martínez1, Liam E Rondeau2, Manuel Garrido-Romero3
1Department of Immunology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
Cell host & microbe
|March 4, 2026
概括
人体肠道中的某些细菌可以分解花生过敏原,减少它们引发像过敏症这样的严重过敏反应的能力. 这一发现为潜在的预防或治疗食物过敏提供了新的途径.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 过敏学 过敏学
背景情况:
- 过敏反应是一种严重的,危及生命的过敏反应,通常由食物过敏原引发,由免疫球蛋白E (IgE) 介导.
- 人体微生物群在IgE介导的食物过敏症中的作用尚不清楚,尽管已知其对口服耐受性的影响.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究参与IgE介导的食物过敏反应的微生物机制.
- 为了确定肠道细菌是否可以代谢食物过敏原并影响过敏反应.
主要方法:
- 在人类的唾液和阴中发现了花生 (PN) 降解细菌.
- 孤立的Rothia和Staphylococcus物种用于体外过敏原降解研究.
- 评估了与降解过敏原的IgE结合和巨细胞激活.
- 用Rothia殖民小鼠,并用PN过敏原挑战它们.
- 在PN过敏患者中分析了细菌的丰度.
主要成果:
- 包括Rothia和Staphylococcus在内的花生降解细菌在体外代谢免疫主导过敏原 (Ara h 1和2).
- 代谢过敏原显示IgE结合性降低,杆细胞激活性有限.
- 用Rothia殖民的小鼠显示过敏原水平降低,过敏反应减弱.
- 耐受性更好的PN过敏患者具有更高的PN降解细菌丰度.
结论:
- 人类微生物群通过过敏原代谢调节IgE介导的食物反应.
- 降解PN的细菌可以通过分解过敏原来减少过敏反应的严重程度.
- 微生物过敏原代谢是预防或减轻IgE介导过敏症的潜在策略.
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