荷尔斯坦的健康和表现与乳制品 × 肉牛犊相比:一个回顾性单一队列研究
M Kovacs1, D L Renaud2, A Keunen3
1Department of Animal Biosciences, Animal Science and Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 1Y2.
Journal of dairy science
|March 4, 2026
概括
与纯种荷尔斯坦小牛相比,牛奶和牛肉杂交的小牛在断奶前阶段表现出更好的健康和生长性能. 杂交的小牛患病较少,体重增加较快,这表明乳制品行业的潜在好处.
科学领域:
- 动物科学动物科学
- 比较生理学比较生理学
- 畜牧业管理 畜牧管理
背景情况:
- 在奶牛群中越来越多地使用牛精液,导致更多的杂交小牛.
- 只有有限的数据可以比较乳制品和乳制品 × 牛肉杂交的小牛的哺乳前健康状况和生长.
- 了解品种差异对于优化小牛养至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估品种 (霍尔斯坦与杂交) 与雄性小牛在84天的养殖期间的发病率,死亡率和生长表现的关联.
- 为了比较纯种奶牛和杂种小牛之间的健康结果和生长指标.
主要方法:
- 640只雄牛 (446只荷尔斯坦,194只杂交) 从抵达开始被监测.
- 健康评估包括便的一致性 (0-21天) 和呼吸系统健康 (0-84天).
- 每周记录生长参数 (体重,料摄入量) 和死亡率;统计模型分析了品种影响.
主要成果:
- 荷尔斯坦小牛的腹发病率更高 (IRR=1.23) 和呼吸系统疾病治疗的风险更高 (HR=1.62-2.47).
- 杂交的小牛在第28天和第84天的体重较高 (重量增加7.13公斤),平均每日增量 (ADG) 在28-35天之间开始较大.
- 杂交的小牛通常表现出较低的料益转换比率 (FCR),尽管霍尔施泰因在70-77天有更好的FCR.
结论:
- 与荷尔斯坦小牛相比,奶牛和牛肉杂交的小牛表现出优越的生长性能和潜在的更快的疾病恢复.
- 杂交的小牛需要较少的治疗干预呼吸系统疾病.
- 研究结果表明,杂交可能在养殖期间为小牛的健康和生产率带来优势.
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