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在低资源环境中扩大早期听力检测:最近试点的证据和政策影响
Rachael Collins1,2, Thomas Hampton3,4, Wakisa Mulwafu5,6
1Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia.
概括
儿童早期听力损失是低收入国家的重大公共卫生问题. 使用数字工具和社区卫生工作者的新模式显示出早期听力查的前景,但需要整合到国家系统中.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
- 全球健康 全球健康
背景情况:
- 儿童听力损失是低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs) 的主要,未得到解决的公共卫生挑战.
- 尽管有全球政策努力,但早期检测计划是分散的,以城市为重点,难以扩展.
- 现有的查计划往往无法有效地覆盖所有人群.
研究的目的:
- 综合最近查试点的证据,以确定在资源有限的环境中公平早期听力检测的新兴模型.
- 澄清持续存在的障碍和政策影响,以扩大儿童听力查计划.
- 在LMICs中为可扩展和可访问的听力健康干预措施制定战略.
主要方法:
- 审查最近的新生儿,婴儿,学龄前儿童和学龄儿童听力查试点研究 (2024-2025年).
- 分析基于社区的交付模式,将任务转移到非专业卫生工作者和数字工具.
- 评估非洲和亚洲的试点计划的可行性,可接受性和挑战性.
主要成果:
- 越来越多的人对社区查,任务转移和便携式/数字工具 (智能手机OAE,平板电脑选器,远程听力学) 感兴趣.
- 试点项目表现出高可行性和护理人员的接受度,但面临诸如有限的诊断,劳动力短缺和高损失后续等挑战.
- 学校和学前查计划显示,在与现有平台集成时,有可能检测晚发和感染相关的听力损失.
结论:
- 在LMICs中可扩展的早期听力检测需要特定的背景模型,强大的转介途径和可持续的融资.
- 数字工具和任务转移是有希望的,但需要验证和整合到国家卫生系统.
- 未来的研究应该侧重于成本效益,文化敏感的方法和整合到儿童健康政策中.
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