在中美洲的人类修饰的热带地区的野狼范围扩张
César R Rodríguez-Luna1, Fernando M Contreras-Moreno2, Morelia Camacho-Cervantes3
1Departamento de Ecología Humana Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Unidad Mérida Mérida Yucatán México.
Ecology and evolution
|March 5, 2026
概括
狼正在向南扩张到中美洲.
科学领域:
- 生态学和生物地理学
- 野生动物生态学野生动物生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 物种范围的动态对于理解对全球环境变化的生态反应至关重要.
- 肉食动物的范围扩张在温带地区得到了充分的记录,但在热带地区的了解很少.
- 人类修改的景观为食肉动物的适应带来了独特的挑战和机会.
研究的目的:
- 评估近期大猩猩 (Canis latrans) 在中美洲热带地区向南扩散的范围.
- 为了确定环境和人为驱动因素影响该地区的狼发生.
- 了解这种扩张对保护和管理的影响.
主要方法:
- 从摄像机陷调查和公民科学平台 (2012-2025) 编制了278个狼群发生记录.
- 利用通用线性模型 (GLM) 来分析狼发生的预测因素.
- 在模型中包括全球人类修饰指数 (GHMI),规范差异植被指数 (NDVI) 和时空因素.
主要成果:
- 在人类修改的景观 (更高的GHMI) 和植被绿色较低的地区 (较低的NDVI) 中,猎发生的概率更高.
- 一个显著的积极的时间趋势表明,狼发生的概率每年都在增加.
- 猎犬正在与热带地区现有的顶峰捕食者群体重叠.
结论:
- 土地利用变化是大陆边缘食肉动物范围扩张的重要促进因素.
- 扩张模糊了本地范围扩张和生物入侵之间的界限.
- 需要采取积极的管理策略,以应对在自然环境和人类主导的环境中持续扩张的猎.
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