在脆弱人群中使用物质的流行率和模式:系统性审查和元分析
Guillermo Francisco Martínez-Montás1, Orquiria Rafaela Colón-Santana2
1Health Sciences PhD Program, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, Campus de los Jerónimos nº135, Guadalupe 30107, Murcia, Spain.
Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs
|March 5, 2026
概括
毒品使用在难民和无家可归者等弱势群体中更高. 针对性预防和减少危害的策略对于这些人群至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 药物滥用研究 药物滥用研究
背景情况:
- 弱势群体,包括难民,移民,无家可归者和社会排斥的青少年,面临着药物使用的独特风险.
- 了解这些群体中酒精和其他毒品使用的流行率和模式对于公共卫生干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 估计弱势群体中酒精和其他毒品使用的流行率和模式.
- 使用PRISMA 2020报告标准和GRADE标准评估证据的质量和确定性.
主要方法:
- 对18项观察性研究 (超过98,000名参与者) 进行了系统性审查和元分析.
- 搜索涉及主要的数据库 (PubMed,Scopus等). 从2010年至2025年,重点关注特定弱势群体中物质使用.
- 使用随机效应模型计算了聚合流行率估计,评估了偏差风险和证据确定性.
主要成果:
- 酒精使用的综合流行率为7.4% (95% CI 6.6-8.5%),异质性较低.
- 任何药物使用的综合流行率为26.4% (95% CI 16.8-38.8%),具有很高的异质性.
- 无家可归和流离失所的成年人患病率高于青少年和移民;整体证据确定性中等.
结论:
- 药物使用,特别是非酒精类药物,在弱势群体中明显更为普遍.
- 社会排斥,无家可归和强迫移民增加了物质使用风险,需要量身定制的预防,减少危害和心理健康战略.
- 调查结果可以为人道主义和低资源环境中的政策和干预提供信息.
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