患者对医疗人工智能的信任和接受的因素
Ana Bracic1, Kayte Spector-Bagdady2,3, Sophie Towle4
1Department of Political Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
JAMA network open
|March 5, 2026
概括
患者对医疗人工智能 (AI) 的信任随着AI的高性能,临床医生的存在,透明数据和治理而增加. 这些因素对于在医疗保健中采用人工智能至关重要.
科学领域:
- 临床信息学 临床信息学
- 人与计算机的交互
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地融入临床环境,但患者的信任仍然是广泛采用的重要障碍.
- 患者的信任可以受到监督机制的影响,例如系统治理或人类临床医生的存在 ("循环中的人类").
- 不同的信任建设策略对患者接受医疗AI的具体影响尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 在医学AI场景中调查患者信任和选择之间的关联.
- 评估治理机制,临床医生的存在,人工智能性能和数据质量对患者偏好和信任的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项联合调查研究在线进行,对美国成年人的样本多样化.
- 参与者评估了假设的人工智能辅助诊断场景,根据随机的属性选择配对访问:临床医生的存在,人工智能性能,治理和数据质量.
- 主要结局包括患者选择和信任评级 (1-5级);分析了定性反应的推理.
主要成果:
- 人工智能在专家级别或以上的表现显著增加了访问选择的可能性 (24.8%-32.5%).
- 临床医生的存在也大大增加了访问偏好 (18.4%).
- 披露代表性AI培训数据和所有形式的AI治理与更高的患者偏好和信任有关.
结论:
- 患者对医疗人工智能的信任和偏好受到人工智能的表现,临床医生的参与,数据透明度和强有力的治理的积极影响.
- 这些发现凸显了将这些元素结合起来的重要性,以促进患者接受和实现AI在医疗保健中的潜力.
- 这些因素的战略实施是成功将人工智能整合到卫生系统的关键.
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