如何种族隔离导致行人安全差异
Sina Asgharpour1, Afshin Allahyari1, Masoud ArfaeiYazdiPour1
1Department of Civil, Materials, and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, 842 W Taylor St, ERF, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
Journal of safety research
|March 5, 2026
概括
芝加哥的种族隔离增加了行人碰撞的风险,特别是在黑人和西班牙裔社区. 这些地区面临着基础设施缺口,与白人占多数的地区不同,强调需要公平的安全改进.
科学领域:
- 城市规划和公共卫生
- 环境正义和交通安全.
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 住宅隔离加剧了行人撞车风险,不成比例地影响了少数民族社区.
- 芝加哥明显的种族隔离为研究这些差异提供了一个独特的环境.
- 了解这些模式对于制定有针对性的安全干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查在芝加哥隔离社区严重的行人撞车事件中的种族差异.
- 确定导致不同种族/少数民族社区行人安全风险的关键因素.
- 为提高行人安全提供公平的城市规划和政策的信息.
主要方法:
- 将多个数据源集成到人口普查区组级数据集中.
- 使用隔离指数将社区分为黑人,西班牙裔,白人多数和混合社区.
- 采用空间滞后负二项式 (SLNB) 模型来分析碰撞预测因素.
主要成果:
- 黑人占多数的地区经历了严重的行人撞车事故的不成比例的高率 (37%的总撞车事故与24%的人口).
- 白人占多数地区的行人撞车风险与社会人口因素有关.
- 黑人和西班牙裔占多数的地区由于基础设施赤字,如交通不便和照明不足等,风险更高.
结论:
- 由于种族隔离和基础设施不平等,在行人安全方面存在显著的种族差异.
- 调查结果为城市当局提供了可操作的见解,以提高行人安全,并促进公平获得安全步行环境.
- 解决隔离社区的基础设施缺陷是提高行人安全的关键.
相关概念视频
01:16Segregation in Fresh Concrete
665
Segregation in fresh concrete is a phenomenon where the components of the concrete mix separate, leading to uneven distribution and compromised structural integrity. This separation typically occurs when concrete is subjected to excessive horizontal movement within forms, or when it is dropped from considerable heights or forced through narrow, winding paths. As a result, heavier coarse aggregate particles settle at the bottom, while lighter, finer materials such as cement and water rise to the...
665
02:55Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
95.9K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
95.9K
02:09Bystander Effect
10.4K
The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.
10.4K
02:16Surveys
17.2K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
17.2K
01:49Law of Segregation
79.2K
When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
79.2K
02:16Stereotype Content Model
15.6K
The Stereotype Content Model (SCM) was first proposed by Susan Fiske and her colleagues (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick & Xu, 2002; see also Fiske, 2012 and Fiske, 2017). The SCM specifies that when someone encounters a new group, they will stereotype them based on two metrics: warmth—or that group’s perceived intent, and how likely they are to provide help or inflict harm—and competence—or their ability to carry out that objective. Depending on the warmth-competence...
15.6K