灾难中的骨科负担:一个范围审查
Joshua McIntyre1, Sarah K Stewart2, Arul Ramasamy3,4
1Army Medical Services, Camberley, UK joshua.mcintyre@nhs.scot.
BMJ military health
|March 5, 2026
概括
骨科伤害是灾难救援的一个主要挑战,四肢创伤是最常见的. 标准化报告对于改善护理和了解全球危机中的受伤模式至关重要.
科学领域:
- 整形外科手术 整形外科手术
- 灾难医学 灾难医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球灾害,加剧了气候变化和地缘政治不稳定,越来越挑战医疗保健系统.
- 肌肉骨创伤是灾害环境中死亡率和长期残疾的重要原因.
- 了解骨科伤害的范围对于有效应对灾害和康复至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在灾难环境中对骨科负担进行范围审查.
- 分析人口统计数据,伤害模式和灾难时的骨科创伤干预措施.
- 发现与灾难有关的骨科伤害的研究和报告标准中的差距.
主要方法:
- 根据系统性审查和元分析 (PRISMA) 准则的首选报告项目进行了全面的范围审查.
- 在PUBMED和EMBASE数据库中搜索了2003年至2023年间发表的原始研究.
- 数据提取侧重于患者人口统计,损伤分布和骨科干预,随后进行定性分析.
主要成果:
- 涵盖24,621名患者的10项研究符合纳入标准,地震是最常见的灾难类型.
- 肢体伤害占所有伤害的52-93%,主要影响下肢.
- 手术干预率差异很大 (0.2%-82.3%),伤口脱皮是最常见的;隔间综合征影响了2%-29.9%的病例. 研究质量通常很差.
结论:
- 在灾难场景中,骨科创伤占创伤的最大比例,需要专门的外科专业知识.
- 制定和实施标准化报告对于在不同灾害中比较伤害概况至关重要.
- 未来的研究必须优先考虑全面报告标准,并调查灾难响应环境中的长期结果.
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