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患有急性淋巴细胞白血病的儿童的侵入性肺炎球菌病

Linny Kimly Phuong^1,2,3, Amanda Gwee^1,2,3,4, Christopher C Blyth^5,6,7

¹Infection & Immunity Theme Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.

Archives of disease in childhood

|March 5, 2026

概括

患有急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL) 的儿童即使在使用肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 后,也面临着明显更高的侵入性肺炎球菌疾病 (IPD) 风险. 大多数IPD病例是由非PCV13血清型引起的,这凸显了需要更好的疫苗接种策略的需要.

科学领域:

儿科瘤学儿科瘤学
传染性疾病传染性疾病
免疫学免疫学免疫学

背景情况:

肺炎球菌合疫苗 (PCV) 的广泛使用在一般人群中减少了侵入性肺炎球菌疾病 (IPD).
接受癌症治疗的儿童,特别是急性淋巴细胞白血病 (ALL),可能会改变免疫反应,并仍然容易受到感染.

研究的目的:

评估IPD的发病率,血清型分布和临床结果在PCV后实施ALL的儿童中.
为了比较患有癌症的儿童与一般儿科人口的IPD病例.

主要方法:

在澳大利亚的两个三级儿科瘤中心进行了一项多中心队列研究.
对患有癌症的儿童收集了肺炎球菌疫苗接种状态,IPD发作,血清型和临床结果的数据,其中包括ALL的子组.

主要成果:

在28名患有癌症的儿童中 (19名患有ALL) 发生了29次IPD发作.
患有ALL儿童的IPD发病率是健康儿童的190-360倍.
大多数IPD病例 (83%) 是由非PCV13血清型 (例如23B) 引起的,并且额外的肺炎球菌疫苗接种率很低.

结论:

尽管使用PCV,但ALL儿童的IPD风险大大增加,主要是由于非PCV13血清型.
观察到额外的肺炎球菌疫苗剂量的吸收率较低.
优化疫苗接种和预防策略对于这种脆弱的儿科瘤患者群体至关重要.

关键词:

传染病医学传染病医学儿科儿科儿科

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