分段丝状细菌是全世界人类肠道的共同体
Shashi Kiran1, Ana Raquel Cruz1, Alice Daniau1
1Laboratory of Host-Microbiota Interaction, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
Nature communications
|March 5, 2026
概括
分段丝状细菌 (SFB) 是人类常见的肠道微生物,在全球范围内发现了不同的物种. 这些细菌殖民于1至5岁的儿童,影响肠道健康和免疫力.
科学领域:
- 微生物学 微生物学
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 人类微生物组研究研究
背景情况:
- 分段丝状细菌 (SFB) 是众所周知的各种动物的肠道共生体,影响宿主免疫力和殖民抵抗力.
- 虽然SFB在动物健康和疾病中的作用已经确立,但它们在人类中的存在和特征尚不清楚.
- 关于人类SFB的信息有限,需要对其识别,流行和生态作用进行研究.
研究的目的:
- 识别和描述一种新的人类SFB物种,包括其形态和基因组特征.
- 使用生物信息学方法确定人类SFB血统的全球分布和多样性.
- 研究不同年龄段的人类SFB的殖民动态和共同殖民潜力.
主要方法:
- 一种新发现的人类SFB物种的形态特征,包括用于附着结构的电子显微镜.
- 基因组分析以确定独特的特征,如代谢途径.
- 从全球人类样本中对16S rRNA基因序列进行生物信息分析,以确定SFB血统.
- 统计分析以评估与年龄相关的SFB流行,分布和殖民模式.
主要成果:
- 鉴定并命名了一个新的人类SFB物种, *Anisomitus miae*,在非洲很常见,具有独特的附着结构和代谢基因.
- 在所有有人居住的大陆的44个国家,生物信息识别了6个不同的人类SFB血统.
- 有证据表明SFB的共同殖民和1至5岁儿童的显著殖民峰值.
结论:
- 多种SFB物种殖民于人类的肠道,代表了人类体内微生物群的广泛,尽管很小的组成部分.
- 人类SFB,特别是*Anisomitus miae*,表现出对肠道殖民和与宿主免疫系统相互作用的特定适应.
- 人类的SFB殖民化动态,特别是在幼儿时期,表明它在塑造发展中肠道微生物群和宿主免疫力方面发挥着重要作用.
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