机器学习策略用于预测巴西紧急情况下的儿童自杀行为
Isis F Carvalho1, Ana Paula Couto da Silva1, Anisio M Lacerda1
1Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence
|March 6, 2026
概括
机器学习模型有效地预测了巴西儿科紧急护理中的青少年自杀风险. 随机森林在过量采样中发现了自杀念头,企图和自我伤害,强调了社会决定因素的重要性.
科学领域:
- 计算精神病学是一种计算精神病学.
- 机器学习在医疗保健中的应用
- 全球心理健康全球心理健康
背景情况:
- 自杀是全球卫生危机,预测受到罕见事件,复杂的多原因因素和数据集中的阶级不平衡的阻碍.
- 现有的预测模型往往无法适应中等收入国家,这些国家自杀的负担很大.
- 这项研究侧重于巴西的一家儿科精神病医疗急诊中心,这是自杀预测研究中代表性不足的背景.
研究的目的:
- 评估机器学习 (ML) 策略来预测自伤,自杀念头和儿童精神病紧急情况下的自杀企图.
- 用过量采样技术解决与罕见事件预测固有的类失衡问题.
- 解释ML模型的预测,使用SHapley添加式扩展 (SHAP) 来理解关键的风险因素.
主要方法:
- 一个数据库的分析,包括2365名年轻人在紧急护理中.
- 对逻辑回归,随机森林和XGBoost算法的基准测试用于预测任务.
- 在训练数据中应用过量采样技术,并使用特征重要性的SHAP值.
主要成果:
- 与自杀相关的行为占研究人口中临床需求的28.7%.
- 过量采样的随机森林模型实现了最高的灵敏度:78.04%的自杀念头,71.18%的自杀企图,69.37%的自我伤害,特异性超过75%.
- SHAP分析确定了社会决定因素作为关键预测因素,强调了它们对中等收入环境中自杀风险的重大影响.
结论:
- 机器学习,特别是过量采样和SHAP解释的随机森林,显示出在儿科紧急情况下识别自杀风险的重大前景.
- 将临床数据与社会决定因素相结合,为早期风险识别提供了一个透明和可扩展的方法,特别是在资源有限的地区.
- 虽然在高准确度预测自杀企图方面仍然存在挑战,但SHAP为风险驱动因素提供了有价值的临床见解.
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