粮食不安全和急性护理利用:系统性审查和元分析
Sandra Berzins1,2,3,4, Rudra Dahal1, Kamala Adhikari2,5,6
1Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
BMJ public health
|March 6, 2026
概括
粮食不安全 (FI) 与住院和急诊室 (ED) 访问的增加有关. 解决粮食不安全问题是卫生系统的优先事项,以改善患者的治疗结果并减少急性护理的使用.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 粮食不安全是充分营养的重要障碍,并与不良健康结果有关.
- 目前关于FI和医疗保健利用率之间的关系的研究提出了相互矛盾的证据.
- 本研究侧重于急性护理利用率,这是医疗保健获取和成本的关键方面.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析粮食不安全和急性护理利用之间的关联.
- 综合关于FI对住院和急诊室 (ED) 访问的影响的证据.
- 确定可以为卫生系统优先事项提供信息的关键发现.
主要方法:
- 在2024年12月,在多个电子数据库 (MEDLINE,EMBASE,PsycINFO,CINAHL,SocINDEX) 进行了系统的搜索.
- 纳入标准侧重于成年人群的原始研究,报告FI和急性护理结果之间的关联 (住院治疗,急救访问,再入院,停留时间).
- 数据提取和质量评估由两名审查员使用纽卡斯尔-太华尺度进行,并对住院和急救诊所进行了元分析.
主要成果:
- 该审查包括52项研究,涉及160多万参与者,揭示了FI和急性护理利用率增加之间的显著联系.
- 分析表明,粮食不安全与住院率较高 (合计OR 1.44) 和急救诊所访问率较高 (合计OR 1.61) 有关.
- 对于两种结果都观察到很高的统计异质性,其中的局限性包括观察性研究占主导地位,并包括主要是高收入国家.
结论:
- 粮食不安全明显与更高的急性护理利用率有关,特别是住院和急诊室访问.
- 识别面临粮食不安全的个体并实施有针对性的干预措施来满足他们的需求是卫生系统的关键优先事项.
- 可能需要进一步的研究来解决异质性问题,并扩大来自不同全球环境的证据.
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