大肠直肠癌的进展和持续的挑战
概括
结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 管理在新的查,分子分析和外科手术技术方面取得了进展. 耐药性和早期CRC等挑战仍然存在,需要精准医学和微生物组战略来实现未来的进步.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
背景情况:
- 结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 是一个重大的全球健康挑战,年轻人群的发病率越来越高,晚期的死亡率很高.
- 病因学是复杂的,涉及生活方式,遗传学,炎症和肠道微生物组失调.
研究的目的:
- 审查结直肠癌管理的最新进展,涵盖流行病学,分子途径,查,诊断,手术和治疗.
- 综合2015-2025年的证据,以确定CRC护理的当前进展和未来方向.
主要方法:
- 从PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus和Web of Science (2015年1月 - 2025年6月) 的文献进行了全面的叙事审查.
- 关于CRC流行病学,分子途径,查,诊断,手术管理,全身疗法和新兴治疗方法的同行评审文章的选择.
- 证据的定性综合和主题组织.
主要成果:
- 查方面的进步 (内镜成像,便DNA,血液生物标志物) 改善了早期检测,尽管实施情况各不相同.
- 分子分析 (MSI-H/dMMR,RAS/RAF,HER2) 指导个性化治疗和预后.
- 微创手术提高了安全性,降低了病率;先进的技术和多模式策略扩大了复杂病例的选择.
结论:
- 尽管查,分子导向疗法和外科手术技术取得了进展,但治疗耐药性,瘤异质性和早期CRC增加等挑战仍然存在.
- 未来的CRC管理可能将专注于精密医学,ctDNA监测,微生物组向策略和优化外科选择.
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