人工智能用于静脉血栓栓塞的风险分层在手术患者:一个系统的审查
Kavin Shah1, Michael Gadelrab2, Emily A Brennan3
1College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA. shahkav@musc.edu.
Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis
|March 6, 2026
概括
人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 模型在预测手术患者静脉血栓栓塞 (VTE) 风险方面比传统方法更准确. 需要进一步的研究来解决临床应用的偏见和概括性.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 手术结果研究研究.
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 静脉血栓塞栓症 (VTE),包括深静脉血栓症 (DVT) 和肺栓塞 (PE),是一个关键的术后并发症.
- 电子医疗记录 (EMR) 包含新的参数,可以增强VTE风险分层.
- 人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 在识别有风险的手术患者方面提供了潜在的进步.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查AI和ML在分层化术后静脉瘤风险方面的有效性.
- 为了比较AI/ML模型与非AI模型的性能,用于VTE风险评估.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Scopus和CINAHL Complete中进行了系统的文献搜索.
- 研究包括对报告VTE风险评估的成年外科患者的初级研究,使用受体操作特征曲线 (AUC) 下的区域.
- 34项研究符合纳入标准;22项研究直接将AI模型与非AI模型进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 人工智能模型在相同的患者队伍中与非人工智能模型相比,表现出更好的歧视 (中位数 ΔAUC 为 +0.10).
- 观察到AUC的显著差异 (威尔科克森标记级别测试,p < 0.001).
- 然而,31项研究具有高偏差风险,只有12项报告了校准指标.
结论:
- 人工智能模型显示,由于更高的预测歧视,增强术后静脉瘤风险分层是有前途的.
- 局限性包括在模型开发中存在高偏差风险,缺乏标准化的校准报告,以及有限的地理多样性.
- 未来的研究应该专注于外部验证,校准和通用性,以促进临床实施.
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