在NOVA系统下测量超加工食品摄入量的工具的有效性和可靠性:系统性审查
Ivan Cavero-Redondo1, Alicia Saz-Lara1, Cristina Bouzas2
1CarVasCare Research Group, Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain.
The American journal of clinical nutrition
|March 9, 2026
概括
准确测量超加工食品 (UPF) 摄入量是一项挑战. 虽然仪器显示出良好的可靠性,但它们的有效性各不相同,这凸显了在UPF研究中需要更好的参考方法.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 饮食评估方法 饮食评估方法
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 超加工食品 (UPF) 对全球能量摄入有很大贡献,并与不利的健康结果有关.
- 由于依赖于自我报告的数据和追溯分类方法,对UPF消费的准确评估受到阻碍.
- 参考方法的质量极大地影响了UPF摄入量评估工具的性能.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估用于根据NOVA分类量化UPF摄入量的仪器的有效性,可靠性,一致性和偏差风险.
- 检查不同食品加工分类系统之间的一致性.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed/MEDLINE,Scopus,Web of Science) 中,从创立到2026年1月的文献进行了符合PRISMA的2020年系统审查.
- 通过两名审核员的独立选,数据提取和质量评估,使用COSMIN 偏差风险检查清单.
- 叙述合成和可靠性 (ICC),相对有效性 (相关性),分类协议 (κ/PABAK) 和内部一致性 (克朗巴赫的α/麦克唐纳的 ω) 的视觉总结.
主要成果:
- 其中包括30项研究,评估了各种工具,包括面向NOVA的FFQ,查工具,UPF得分,基于生物标志物的工具以及上下文/辅助工具.
- 饮食摄入仪表表现出中度至高的测试复试可靠性 (ICC ≈ 0.46-0.94) 和中度至中度的相对有效性 (r ≈ 0.47-0.72).
- 分类系统之间的一致性各不相同 (κ/PABAK ≈ 0.36-0.84),上下文/辅助工具显示高内部一致性 (α/ω ≥ 0.74). 15项研究的偏差风险较低,15项研究的风险不清楚.
结论:
- 评估NOVA定义的UPF摄入量的仪器提供了可接受的可重复性,但根据参考方法表现出可变的有效性.
- 在不同系统的分类协议中存在不确定性,需要仔细考虑测量错误.
- 未来的研究应该专注于优越的参考方法,清晰的编码,校准和测量属性的常规评估,以改进UPF评估.
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