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孕产妇免疫和生命早期免疫:影响新生儿保护的机制
Vincent Portet Sulla1, Stanley Soussan2, Etienne Bizot3
1Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, "Immunological diseases, microbiology and innovative therapies" (IDMIT/UMR1184), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Division of Virology, WHO Rubella National Reference Laboratory, Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), Dept of Biology Genetics, Paris Saclay University Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.
通过胎盘和母乳传递的孕产妇免疫力保护新生儿免受感染. 孕产妇接种疫苗可以增强这种免疫力,提供重要的生命早期保护,尽管可能对婴儿反应产生暂时的影响.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 新生儿健康 新生儿健康
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 新生儿感染是一个主要的全球健康问题,与新生儿不成熟的免疫系统有关,这有利于容忍强大的防御.
- 通过胎盘和母乳传递的IgG抗体和细胞组件,被动转移的母体免疫对于婴儿的保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查母体免疫转移的机制及其对新生儿保护和疫苗反应的影响.
- 讨论母体疫苗接种在增强婴儿免疫力方面的作用以及"麻木效应"的含义.
主要方法:
- 关于母婴免疫转移的免疫机制的文献综述.
- 分析母亲接种疫苗对新生儿免疫力和婴儿疫苗反应的影响.
- 讨论当前关于母体免疫接种益处与短暂缺点的证据.
主要成果:
- 由Fc受体介导的移植性IgG转移对被动免疫至关重要,受各种母体和胎儿因素的影响.
- 母婴接种疫苗有效地增加了病原体特异性IgG的转移,提供了被动免疫和Fc-依赖的保护.
- 母亲免疫可以暂时抑制婴儿的疫苗反应 (麻木效应),但整体保护超过了这种效应.
结论:
- 孕产妇免疫力对于保护婴儿免受早期感染至关重要,孕产妇疫苗接种是关键策略.
- 优化母体疫苗接种时间和婴儿计划是必要的,以最大限度地保护并最大限度地减少干扰.
- 扩大全球孕产妇免疫计划对于减少新生儿感染负担至关重要.
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