甲基因组学作为一种有效的诊断方法,用于探索口腔微生物多样性和牙科疾病:叙述性审查
Tarun Walia1, Nikhil Srivastava2, Raghavendra M Shetty3
1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Subharti Dental College and Hospital, Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India.
International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry
|March 9, 2026
概括
甲基因组学为口腔微生物多样性提供了全面的观点,识别了与牙疾病 (如牙和牙周炎) 相关的关键物种. 这种文化独立的方法有助于早期诊断和个性化治疗策略,以获得更好的口腔健康结果.
科学领域:
- 口腔微生物学 口腔微生物学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 牙科诊断 牙科诊断 牙科诊断
背景情况:
- 口腔拥有复杂的微生物群,影响口腔健康和疾病.
- 传统的方法难以识别所有口腔微生物物种,尤其是无法培养的微生物.
- 甲基因组学提供一种文化独立的,高通量方法,以全面研究口腔微生物多样性.
研究的目的:
- 评估元基因组学在探索口腔微生物多样性的作用.
- 评估口腔微生物组与牙科疾病之间的关联.
- 审查元基因组技术及其在牙科中的临床应用.
主要方法:
- 系统地综合了关于元基因组技术的当前文献 (16S rRNA测序,猎枪元基因组学等). ) 的情况.
- 对辅助诊断工具 (qPCR,FISH,MALDI-TOF MS) 和数据解释中的AI进行审查.
- 对,内牙感染和牙周炎中的微生物群落的分析.
主要成果:
- 甲基因组学已经确定了牙损伤中的*Streptococcus mutans*以外的物种,包括*Lactobacillus*, *Veillonella*, *Actinomyces*和 *Candida albicans*.
- 像*Enterococcus faecalis*和*Fusobacterium nucleatum*这样的耐药物种与持续的内牙感染有关.
- 牙周炎与失生性转移和复杂的微生物联盟有关.
结论:
- 甲基因组学是一个强大的诊断工具,用于描述口腔微生物生态系统.
- 它使得早期发现病原性转变,个性化治疗和生物标志物开发成为可能.
- 整合到牙科实践可以彻底改变牙风险评估和疾病预防.
相关概念视频
Modern Molecular Taxonomy
866
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
866
Applications of Molecular Taxonomy
717
Molecular taxonomy has revolutionized the understanding and classification of bacteria, providing precise insights into their diversity, evolutionary relationships, and ecological roles. By utilizing molecular techniques such as DNA sequencing and fingerprinting, researchers have made significant strides in various fields related to bacterial studies.Resolving Taxonomic AmbiguitiesMolecular taxonomy has been instrumental in distinguishing closely related bacterial species initially thought to...
717
Methods to Assess Microbial Communities
68
Microbial communities, comprising bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotic microorganisms, inhabit diverse ecosystems and play crucial roles in environmental and biological processes. Their diversity is defined by three main parameters: species richness (the number of distinct species), species abundance (the relative quantity of each species), and species evenness (how uniformly individual species are distributed in various locations). These factors together shape the structure and ecological balance...
68
Introduction to the Human Microbiota
226
Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
226
The Oral Microbiota
98
The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
98
Development of the Oral Microbiota
75
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
75


