日本儿童和青少年的催眠药处方模式:使用索赔数据库进行描述性流行病学研究
Sachiko Tanaka-Mizuno1,2, Kenichi Fujimoto3, Kazuo Mishima4
1Laboratory of Prevention and Epidemiology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.
Sleep
|March 9, 2026
概括
黑色素是儿童最常被处方的催眠药,而黑色素受体激活剂 (MRA) 和双素受体激活剂 (DORAs) 也在日本的儿科患者中使用. 处方模式因年龄而异,表明儿童失眠的年龄特定治疗方法.
科学领域:
- 儿科药理学 儿科药理学
- 睡眠的药物 睡眠的药物
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 儿科失眠是一个日益关注的问题,需要了解当前的治疗实践.
- 催眠药物类别包括黑素,黑素受体激活剂 (MRA),双素受体激活剂 (DORAs),Z类药物和类药物.
- 儿童群体中催眠药的处方模式需要详细的调查.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查日本18岁以下患者的催眠药处方模式.
- 根据年龄组分析催眠药的类型,剂量和处方持续时间.
- 在儿科患者中识别与催眠处方相关的常见并发症.
主要方法:
- 使用日本索赔数据库进行的描述性流行病学研究.
- 纳入标准:年龄在0-17岁的患者,从2021年6月到2023年6月第一次处方催眠药.
- 数据分析包括按年龄分层的催眠分类,剂量,持续时间,并发症和并发药物.
主要成果:
- 这项研究包括4个年龄组 (0-6,7-11,12-14,15-17岁) 的21,145名儿科患者.
- 最初的处方:黑激素 (33.9%),MRAs (30.9%),DORAs (18.8%),Z药物 (10.1%) 和类药物 (6.3%).
- 黑素在较小的儿童 (0-11岁),所有年龄段的MRA和青少年 (15-17岁) 的DORA中是常见的. 自闭症谱系障碍,抑郁症,多动症和焦虑症是普遍存在的并发症.
结论:
- 日本儿科患者的催眠药处方模式显示了特定年龄的趋势.
- 对于较年轻的儿童来说,美拉托尼的处方时间较长,MRAs被广泛使用,而DORAs则被青少年所青.
- 这些发现表明,适合儿童失眠的药物选择可能与发育阶段和并发性精神疾病有关.
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