肥胖和癌症:一个翻译科学评论
Sherry Shen1, Kristy A Brown2, Angela K Green1,3
1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
JAMA
|March 9, 2026
概括
肥胖显著增加癌症风险,导致10%的美国癌症诊断. 减掉超过10%的体重可能对减少与肥胖相关的癌症发病率至关重要.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 代谢综合征是代谢综合征的一种.
- 癌症病因 癌症病因学
背景情况:
- 超重 (BMI 2529.9) 和肥胖 (BMI ≥30) 与癌症风险增加有关,占美国每年癌症诊断的10%.
- 肥胖的脂肪组织功能障碍释放出自由脂肪酸,通过氧化应激和DNA损伤促进癌细胞生长.
- 肥胖相关的炎症和荷尔蒙变化 (例如,雌激素增加,阿迪波内克减少) 进一步促进癌症的发展和免疫抑制.
研究的目的:
- 阐明肥胖促进癌症发展的机制.
- 评估减肥对肥胖相关癌症风险的影响.
主要方法:
- 关于肥胖,脂肪组织生物学,炎症和癌症的科学文献的综述.
- 对观察性研究的分析,这些研究考察了在经历显著减肥 (低体重手术或GLP-1受体激动剂) 的人群中癌症发病率.
主要成果:
- 过多的脂肪组织会引发炎症,氧化压力和改变激素的产生,从而创造出有利于癌症的环境.
- 肥胖导致基因组不稳定和免疫失调,阻碍了新生的癌细胞的消灭.
- 通过减肥手术或药物治疗减肥超过10%的体重显示,癌症发病率略有降低.
结论:
- 肥胖是许多癌症的重要风险因素,由复杂的代谢和炎症途径驱动.
- 显著的体重减轻可能是必要的,以有效地减轻与肥胖相关的癌症风险.
- 需要进一步的研究来优化减肥策略以减少癌症风险.
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