大麻和心理健康:一篇综述
Devan Kansagara1,2, Garth E Terry3,4, Chelsea K Ayers1
1Center to Improve Veteran Involvement in Care (CIVIC), VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon.
JAMA internal medicine
|March 9, 2026
概括
大麻没有明显的心理健康益处,并带有重大风险. 临床医生应与患者讨论这些不良影响,包括可能恶化的情况和大麻使用障碍.
科学领域:
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
- 大麻研究 大麻研究
- 临床精神病学 临床精神病学
背景情况:
- 大麻使用在患有精神疾病的人群中普遍存在.
- 许多人报告使用大麻来自我管理心理健康症状.
- 了解大麻对心理健康的影响对于临床实践至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 审查目前关于大麻对心理健康状况的疗效和风险的证据.
- 告知临床医生关于与精神病患者大麻使用相关的有限益处和潜在危害.
- 突出患者咨询关于大麻使用和心理健康的重要性.
主要方法:
- 对有关大麻和心理健康的现有文献进行系统审查.
- 分析有关特定心理健康状况的证据,如PTSD,焦虑,抑郁和双相情感障碍.
- 风险评估,包括不良心理健康影响和大麻使用障碍 (CUD).
主要成果:
- 低确定性证据表明,THC占主导地位的大麻不会改善PTSD症状.
- 对于THC占主导地位的大麻对焦虑,抑郁和ADHD的长期影响的证据不够.
- 新出现的证据表明,大麻醇可以减轻焦虑,但THC占主导地位的大麻会带来诸如恶化躁狂和精神病等风险.
- 大约30%的去年大麻使用者患有CUD,其中一半的病例有显著的负面结果.
- 青少年和年轻人经常使用高THC产品与精神病风险增加,CUD和自我伤害有关.
结论:
- 目前的证据不支持大麻作为心理健康状况的治疗方法,原因是疗效不足和风险很大.
- 临床医生必须向患者咨询大麻对心理健康的潜在不良影响.
- 大麻使用是一个重要的可修改的风险因素,在管理心理健康状况方面需要讨论.
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