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在生牛奶开菲尔中无活化禽流感病毒
Anna C S Porto-Fett1, Sonsiray Alvarez-Narvaez2, Poonam G Vinayamohan3
1U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 East Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA, 19038, USA. anna.portofett@usda.gov.
Food and environmental virology
|March 9, 2026
概括
将生牛奶发酵成可以显著降低禽流感病毒 (AIV) 标位,降低消费风险. 这项研究表明,开发酵有效地使低致病性禽流感病毒 (LPAIV) 菌株H5N1和H5N9.9失活.
科学领域:
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 在乳牛疫情期间,禽流感病毒 (AIV) 和其RNA在原牛奶中被检测到.
- 消毒法使牛奶中的AIV无活化,但发酵乳制品中的AIV无活化研究较少.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估低致病性禽流感病毒 (LPAIV) 在开发酵期间的生存能力.
- 评估发酵乳制品中AIV持久性的可能性.
主要方法:
- 生牛奶被接种了LPAIV菌株 (H5N1,H5N9) 和开初始培养物.
- 牛奶在25°C发酵了36小时,平均pH值为4.44.
- 使用50%的卵感染剂量 (EID50) 测量病毒标位.
主要成果:
- 开发酵减少了H5N1和H5N9 LPAIV标位,分别减少了大约4.1和3.1 log10 EID50/mL.
- 通过本土植物 (没有初始培养) 发酵也使病毒标位降低了4.1 (H5N1) 和3.5 (H5N9) log10 EID50/mL.
- 在25°C的36小时内达到pH≤5.3的AIV标位显著降低至少3.1 log10 EID50/mL.
结论:
- 生牛奶发酵成可以显著降低AIV标位.
- 这一过程降低了与消费原奶发酵产品相关的风险.
- 开发酵是一种可行的方法,可以减少乳制品中的AIV.
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