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相关概念视频

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

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The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are...
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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Following the Dynamics of Structural Variants in Experimentally Evolved Populations
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解读牛进化过程中重复序列重叠的结构变异的进化模式.

Zhifan Guo1, Jinxiu Li2, Adeniyi C Adeola2,3

  • 1Bio-X Center for Interdisciplinary Innovation and School of Life Science & School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.

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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

重复序列 (REP) 和结构变异 (SV) 在牛中显示出不同的模式,特别是在X染色体上,影响亚种分歧和生长等特征. 这些发现为牛养殖和进化研究提供了标记.

关键词:
社区生态社区生态学一些重复的序列.结构变化 结构变化

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科学领域:

  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 进化生物学 进化生物学
  • 动物科学动物科学

背景情况:

  • 重复序列 (REP) 对真核生物基因组进化至关重要,但与植物相比,在养动物中研究较少.
  • 了解牛中的REP和结构变异 (SV) 对进化见解和育种应用至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 在整个生态环境中绘制牛基因组中重复序列 (rep-SVs) 叠加的结构变异景观.
  • 调查rep-SVs的进化动态和分布模式,与牛分种和表型特征相关.

主要方法:

  • 整合了全球分布的83个牛个体的长时间读取的测序数据.
  • 对结构变化 (SVs) 与重复序列 (REPs) 叠加的分析,称为rep-SVs.
  • taurine 和 indicine 牛之间的比较基因组分析,包括基因表达和功能关联研究.

主要成果:

  • 代表性SV在X染色体和自体之间呈现不均的分布,大型代表性SV在X染色体上积聚.
  • 截然不同的rep-SV分布模式与牛和印地牛的分种相关,在印地牛中显示出特定的扩张.
  • 一种涉及PDGFD的rep-SV,由牛特异性Bov-A2 REP介导,与原生牛的更高表达和更大的皮特征有关.
  • 在ROR2基因中的rep-SV可能会影响生长,可能会导致肉牛品种的体型较大.

结论:

  • 该研究阐明了牛基因组中的REP动态,突出了它们在进化轨迹和亚种差异化中的作用.
  • 已识别的re-SVs和相关基因 (例如PDGFD,ROR2) 提供了在牛中进行分子育种和进化遗传学研究的候选标记.