助听器使用对老年人听力损失的记忆,执行功能和认知障碍的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Guangwen Liu1, Zhiyue Zhang2, Ye Yang3
1Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
概括
助听器的使用显著改善了老年人听力损失的全球认知,记忆和执行功能. 它还降低了认知障碍的风险,益处因个体特征而异.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 听力学 听力学是指听力学.
背景情况:
- 听力损失在老年人中很普遍,并与认知能力下降有关.
- 认知障碍是一个重大的公共卫生挑战,需要有效的干预措施.
研究的目的:
- 评估助听器使用对老年人听力损失的认知领域 (全球认知,记忆,执行功能/注意力) 的影响.
- 评估助听器使用对认知障碍风险的影响.
- 探索这些影响如何因社会人口统计学因素和认知衰退严重程度而有所不同.
主要方法:
- 一项对46项涉及231,565名有听力损失的老年人研究的系统审查和元分析.
- 使用认知功能的标准化平均差异 (SMD) 和认知障碍的几率比率 (OR) /相对风险 (RR) 的数据合成.
- 根据年龄,性别,听力损失严重程度,教育程度和痴呆症状况进行了子组分析.
主要成果:
- 助听器使用与全球认知 (SMD=0.27),记忆 (SMD=0.13) 和执行功能/注意力 (SMD=-0.12) 的改善有关.
- 在使用助听器时,观察到认知障碍的风险降低 (RR=0.84).
- 认知效益的程度在不同小组之间有显著差异.
结论:
- 助听器的使用为老年人带有听力损失提供认知益处,影响各种认知领域.
- 建议采用个性化助听器康复策略,以最大限度地为具有不同特征的个体带来好处.
- 进一步的研究可能会阐明这些认知改善背后的机制.
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