通过电子医疗记录和文本挖掘在患有缺血性中风的患者中增强预测心房动:算法开发和验证
Yu-Wei Chen1,2,3, Sheng-Feng Sung4,5, Ya-Han Hu6,7
1Department of Neurology, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
JMIR medical informatics
|March 10, 2026
概括
这项研究通过结合临床数据和文本笔记,为中风患者开发了一种改进的心房动 (AF) 预测模型. 该模型增强了AF相关中风的早期检测和预防.
科学领域:
- 心脏病学和神经病学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的机器学习
背景情况:
- 心房动 (AF) 是缺血性中风的重要,往往未被发现的风险因素,增加死亡率和残疾.
- 目前的AF预测模型由于依赖单一机构数据和结构化变量而缺乏通用性.
- 及时识别AF对于预防性治疗至关重要,以减轻中风风险.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个强大的和可通用的AF风险预测模型用于中风患者使用电子医疗记录.
- 将结构化临床变量与非结构化临床文本的特征集成,以提供全面的患者健康代表性.
- 为了验证模型的稳定性和通用性在多个医院数据集用于常规临床实践.
主要方法:
- 分析了来自台湾两家医院 (LIH和CYCH) 的数据,涉及近1万名患者.
- 采用5种非结构化数据的特征工程技术和6种数据不平衡的重新抽样方法.
- 对比了9个分类算法,执行内部和外部验证以评估模型性能.
主要成果:
- 对LIH的最佳模型仅使用结构化变量;CYCH模型通过将结构化数据与文本衍生变量 (TF-IDF) 集成而表现出色.
- 一贯确定的关键预测因素是E/A波速比,左心房大小和年龄.
- 基于集体学习的机器学习模型在经过严格的验证后表现出卓越的性能.
结论:
- 在缺血性中风患者中开发了AF的预测模型,使用集成数据显示性能有所改善.
- 在不同的医疗保健环境中验证了机器学习模型的通用性和稳定性.
- 强调了结合结构化和非结构化数据的潜力,以便在临床实践中更好地预测AF风险.
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