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Updated: Mar 12, 2026

Using Human Differentially Expressed Gene Lists to Perform Downstream Pathway Enrichment Analysis and Target Prioritization
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药物基因组学的不断变化的格局:当前的成就和未来的方向

Volker M Lauschke1, Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg2

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany; University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Pharmacological reviews
|March 10, 2026
PubMed
概括

药物基因组学使用遗传变异来优化许多疾病的药物治疗. 未来的成功取决于多样化的试验,人工智能集成和临床实施,以获得更好的治疗结果.

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Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics examine how genetic factors influence an individual's response to drugs. While pharmacogenetics focuses on the impact of specific genetic variants on drug effects, pharmacogenomics takes a broader approach, studying how genetic variation across populations contributes to differences in drug responses. These fields aim to explain why individuals may experience varying levels of efficacy or adverse reactions to the same medication.Variability in drug...
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Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
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The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
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