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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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多任务能力如何影响绩效,工作量,情境意识,压力和信任与模拟不完美的自动化.

Jayden N Greenwell-Barnden1, Troy A W Visser1, Shayne Loft1

  • 1The University of Western Australia, Australia.

Human factors
|March 10, 2026
PubMed
概括

多任务能力 (MTa) 的个体差异显著影响人们如何处理不完美的自动化. 较低的多任务能力 (MTa) 个体经历了更高的自动化成本,而较高的MTa个体更好地对自动化系统进行了校准.

关键词:
空中交通管制是什么意思自动化自动化自动化自动化个人差异是个人的差异.多任务处理多任务处理.情况意识 情境意识

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科学领域:

  • 人与计算机的交互
  • 认知心理学 认知心理学
  • 自动化安全自动化安全

背景情况:

  • 在像空中交通管制 (ATC) 这样的复杂系统中,自动化可靠性是关键问题.
  • 之前的研究表明,多任务处理能力 (MTa) 影响了对可靠自动化的反应.
  • MTa对监督不完善自动化的影响尚不清楚.

研究的目的:

  • 研究多任务能力 (MTa) 的个体差异如何影响在模拟空中交通管制 (ATC) 中监督不完美的自动化时的性能,工作量,情境意识,压力和信任.

主要方法:

  • 在113名本科生中,使用认知任务评估了多任务能力 (MTa).
  • 参与者在人工控制和不完善的自动化下执行模拟的ATC任务.
  • 自动化错误包括错过30%的飞机接收和交付事件.

主要成果:

  • 较低MTa的参与者显示,可靠的自动化带来更大的绩效益,但可靠的自动化带来更大的成本.
  • 自动化提高了情境意识,减少了工作量,无论MTa.
  • 压力减轻在自动化较低的MTa参与者中更为明显.
  • 较高的MTa参与者在自动化可靠性级别中表现出更准确的信任校准.

结论:

  • 多任务能力 (MTa) 显著调节不完美的自动化对ATC性能,压力和信任的影响.
  • 调查结果表明,MTa是对涉及波动性自动化可靠性的角色的人员选择的关键因素.