古代DNA和空间建模揭示了印加前的跨安第斯贸易
George Olah1,2, Pere Bover3,4, Bastien Llamas5,6,7
1Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia. george.olah@anu.edu.au.
Nature communications
|March 11, 2026
概括
前西班牙裔伊什玛精英通过复杂的贸易网络获得了亚马逊羽,这是地位的象征. 分析显示,鸟类被运送到安第斯山脉,挑战地区主义观点.
科学领域:
- 考古学的考古学
- 古代DNA分析 古代DNA分析
- 同位素地球化学 同位素地球化学
背景情况:
- 在西班牙语前的安第斯社会中,亚马逊的羽毛作为地位象征受到高度重视.
- 获得这些羽毛需要穿越具有挑战性的安第斯山脉.
- 伊克斯玛文化在中期晚期 (大约. 1000-1470 CE) 在帕卡卡马克.
研究的目的:
- 为了重建亚马逊羽的完整旅程,在一个精英的Ychsma坟墓中发现了亚马逊羽.
- 调查涉及区域间交流的贸易网络和物流.
- 挑战现有的关于印加前地区主义的观点.
主要方法:
- 古代DNA (aDNA) 分析以确定物种和遗传多样性.
- 稳定同位素分析 (碳和),以确定饮食和来源.
- 空间建模,包括物种分布和景观阻力建模,以确定贸易路线.
主要成果:
- 基因组数据确定了四种亚马逊物种 (Ara macao,A. ararauna,A. chloropterus,Amazona farinosa) 具有很高的遗传多样性,这表明野生种群采购.
- 同位素分析表明C4丰富的沿海饮食,证明鸟类被运送活着并保持在干旱的沿海环境中.
- 特定的跨安第斯走廊被确定为羽毛交换的关键路线.
结论:
- 伊什玛文化运营着一个复杂的,管理的外来商品贸易网络,很可能使用中间商.
- 收购羽毛证明了复杂的区域间联系,可以追溯到印加帝国之前.
- 多学科的方法为追踪古代交换系统提供了一个强大的工具包.
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