基于机器学习的诊断模型用于关节和膝关节假肢关节感染:系统性审查
Jaiden Nairne-Nagy1, Rudraksh Gupta2, Boopalan Ramasamy1,2
1Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, School of Medicine, College of Health, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia.
概括
机器学习 (ML) 在关节或膝关节置换后对诊断假肢关节感染 (PJI) 有希望. 虽然模型表现出很好的准确性,但对于在PJI诊断中更广泛的临床使用,需要外部验证.
科学领域:
- 整形外科手术 整形外科手术
- 医学诊断 医学诊断 医学诊断
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 假肢关节感染 (PJI) 导致高达1.7%的关节 (THA) 和膝关节关节整形 (TKA) 复杂化.
- PJI显著增加了患者的发病率,死亡率 (在5年内高达21%) 和医疗保健成本.
- 准确的PJI诊断至关重要,但由于缺乏黄金标准和可变的测试性能,因此具有挑战性.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关机器学习 (ML) 在THA或TKA后诊断PJI的应用的文献.
- 评估PJI检测中的ML模型的诊断性能和局限性.
主要方法:
- 进行了系统的文献审查,以确定使用ML用于PJI诊断的研究.
- 包括使用患者人口统计,临床数据,血清学标记,突液分析和成像的研究.
- 分析了12项应用ML技术来诊断或预测PJI的研究.
主要成果:
- ML模型表现出良好的预测性能,曲线下的面积 (AUC) 从0.68到0.993.
- 审查的ML模型使用了包括人口统计,临床特征和成像在内的各种数据输入.
- 发现的一个重大局限是大多数模型缺乏外部验证.
结论:
- 机器学习提供了一个有希望的,数据驱动的方法来提高PJI诊断的准确性.
- 通过ML提高诊断准确度可能会导致诊断延迟减少和更及时,适当的治疗.
- 进一步的研究对于外部验证ML模型和评估其用于临床PJI诊断的概括性至关重要.
相关概念视频
01:09Functional Classification of Joints
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An immobile...
01:10Ankle Joint
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...