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燃料对航空发动机排放的影响:化学反应堆网络建模研究

Dario Lopez-Pintor¹, James MacDonald¹, Elkin Ramirez-Correa²

¹Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, United States.

Energy & fuels : an American Chemical Society journal

|March 11, 2026

概括

可持续航空燃料 (SAF) 和循环可显著减少气轮机燃烧器中的多环芳 (PAH) 和烟尘前体. 这种化学反应堆网络 (CRN) 模型有效评估替代燃料,显示SAF不会影响NOx排放.

科学领域:

燃烧化学和模型设计
航空燃料研究航空燃料研究
化学动力学和反应机制.

背景情况:

准确预测燃气轮机燃烧器的排放量对于航空可持续性至关重要.
了解燃料成分,包括可持续航空燃料 (SAF) 和替代碳化合物结构对燃烧性能的影响至关重要.
现有模型需要根据实验数据和已确定的排放基准进行验证.

研究的目的:

使用化学反应堆网络 (CRN) 模型,制定和验证Jet-A和SAF的替代品.
分析燃料类别和分子结构对排放的独立影响,特别是多环芳 (PAH) 和一氧化碳 (CO).
评估SAF的燃烧性能和排放趋势,以及在现实的燃气轮机条件下用循环替代的Jet-A.

主要方法:

开发一个包含全面化学动力机制的CRN模型 (8478种,33318个反应).
对点火延迟时间,层状火焰速度和灭火应变率的动力机制的验证.
针对关键性质 (密度, cetane数) 的替代燃料的配方和模拟两个替代燃料场景:喷气式A与100%的SAF,以及喷气式A与芳香物替换为循环.

主要成果:

与Jet-A相比,SAF的PAH排放量减少了93%,但对NOx排放没有显著影响.
在Jet-A中用循环基取代芳香成分,可降低高达96%的PAH,尽管它稍微增加了CO排放,并降低了火焰温度.
根据CFM56发动机数据和ICAO基准验证的CRN模型,与实验性点火延迟和火焰速度数据有很强的一致性.

结论:

该CRN框架有效地预测了航空燃料的燃烧性能和排放,为评估替代燃料提供了一个计算效率高的工具.
SAF和循环替代燃料显示出在航空燃烧中减少PAH和烟灰前体的巨大潜力.
该研究证实,SAF可以是一个可行的替代品,而不会影响NOx排放标准,同时可以大幅减少其他有害排放.

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