在加泰罗尼亚农村地区处方精神药物的性别差异:基于社区的观察性研究
Elisabet Torrubia-Pérez1,2, Anna Panisello-Tafalla3,4, Silvia Reverté-Villarroya1,2
1Nursing Department, Campus Terres de l'Ebre, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tortosa, Spain.
Frontiers in public health
|March 11, 2026
概括
与男性相比,加泰罗尼亚农村地区的女性更常被诊断患有精神健康状况,并处方抗抑郁药和抗焦虑药等精神药物. 这凸显了需要性别敏感的初级保健方法来解决这些差异.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心理健康研究 心理健康研究
- 农村健康差异 农村健康差异
背景情况:
- 在心理健康诊断和治疗方面确立了性别差异,女性经常接受更多的精神药物处方.
- 关于农村环境中这些差异的证据有限,需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 在西班牙加泰罗尼亚农村地区,在患有精神健康状况的成年人中检查诊断和处方精神药物的性别差异.
主要方法:
- 一项以人口为基础的回顾性研究,利用32,748名成年人的初级保健数据,诊断包括焦虑,抑郁和情绪障碍.
- 根据性别和年龄分析了处方模式,采用描述性统计,奇平方测试和多变量后勤回归.
主要成果:
- 女性占研究人口的64.9%,更常被诊断患有抑郁症,焦虑症和情绪障碍.
- 女性对抗焦虑药物 (40.2%对32.8%) 和抗抑郁药物 (35.5%对23.9%) 的处方率较高,后勤回归证实这些药物的几率增加.
- 相反,男性的睡眠障碍率更高,女性的抗精神病药物处方率更低.
结论:
- 加泰罗尼亚农村地区的妇女经历了更高的精神健康诊断和精神药物处方,特别是抗抑郁药和抗焦虑药.
- 调查结果强调需要采取性别敏感的初级保健策略,包括加强对心理治疗和社区服务的准入,以减轻这些不平等现象.
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