中国民族的饮食因素和认知健康:系统性审查和元分析
Mengxue Yang1, Zhaoyu Li1, Kaisy Xinhong Ye2,3
1School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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|March 11, 2026
概括
富含蔬菜,水果和鱼类的植物性饮食可能会降低中国成年人的认知衰退风险. 地中海和DASH等特定饮食显示出保护作用,而高摄入红肉则会增加风险.
科学领域:
- 营养神经科学 营养神经科学
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 痴呆症是一个全球性的健康挑战,影响数以百万计的人,并使医疗保健系统承受压力.
- 饮食是衰老认知健康的可修改因素,但对华裔人口的研究是有限的.
- 在中国人群中,不同的遗传特征和饮食传统可能会独特地影响认知健康.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析有关中国民族人口饮食因素和认知健康的证据.
- 批判性地评估饮食模式与这一人口群体的认知结果之间的关联.
- 为了确定与认知衰退或保存相关的特定饮食成分和模式.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus和CNKI中进行系统的文献搜索,遵循PRISMA指南.
- 由两个审稿人独立提取数据,使用观察性研究的NIH标准评估研究质量.
- 使用随机效应模型进行元分析,以组合几率比率 (OR) 和95%置信区间 (CI),评估与t2和I2统计数据的异质性.
主要成果:
- 观察性研究表明,富含蔬菜,水果,鱼类和植物性食品的饮食与较低的认知能力下降风险有关.
- 坚持地中海,DASH和MIND饮食,以及更多的和茶饮食,与更好的认知健康相关.
- 红肉含量高,鱼/豆类含量低的饮食与认知风险增加有关;植物性饮食显示保护性OR为0.78 (95% CI:0.69-0.87).
结论:
- 饮食模式显著影响中国成年人的认知健康,可能受到遗传和文化因素的调节.
- 具体的饮食建议包括增加植物性食品,鱼类,水果,蔬菜,和茶的摄入量.
- 对文化特异性饮食干预措施的进一步研究可能有助于缓解中国老龄人口的认知衰退.
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