加强泰国的麻疹免疫力:为避免疫情爆发而进行第三剂疫苗接种的理由
Pornjarim Nilyanimit1, Nungruthai Suntronwong1, Jiratchaya Puenpa1
1Centers of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
Vaccine
|March 11, 2026
概括
泰国 泰国 泰国 泰国
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 泰国的麻疹消除受到人口免疫力不足和免疫差距不断扩大所阻碍,尽管已建立国家免疫计划.
- 最近的麻疹疫情表明,迫切需要重新评估人口免疫水平并确定脆弱的人口结构.
研究的目的:
- 通过2024年调查的血清学数据,评估泰国目前的麻疹特异免疫力.
- 分析不同出生队伍和年龄组的麻疹免疫力的时间变化.
- 评估现有疫苗接种策略在实现群体免疫力消除麻疹方面的充分性.
主要方法:
- 分析了在2024年收集的3675个血清样本,通过ELISA测量IgG度,而保护值为≥200 IU/L.
- 将2024年的血清阳性数据与2004年和2014年的全国血清调查进行比较,以追踪随时间的免疫变化.
- 血清学发现与2024年起的国家麻疹病例数据的相关性,以确定传播模式.
主要成果:
- 2024年的麻疹总体阳性率为61.3%,在青少年和年轻成人 (14-31岁) 中呈现U形年龄分布,免疫力明显较低 (27-46%).
- 1985年至2008年间出生的个体呈现逐渐下降的血清保护,表明疫苗诱导的免疫力不足.
- 目前的免疫水平低于估计92%的麻疹传播中断所需的群体免疫门.
结论:
- 泰国的人口,特别是10-40岁的青少年和成年人,表现出相当大的麻疹易感性,使目前的两剂疫苗接种计划不足.
- 建议采取有针对性的增强剂策略,可能包括第三剂含麻疹疫苗,以弥补免疫缺口.
- 将补充剂量纳入青少年/成年人计划,以及加强监测和追赶疫苗接种,对于实现麻疹消除至关重要.
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