高强度间歇训练对竞技游泳运动员的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Rangxi Jin1, Chao Chen2, Mitchell James Finlay3
1School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, China.
Journal of science and medicine in sport
|March 11, 2026
概括
高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 显著提高了竞技游泳者的有氧能力和游泳表现. 最佳的训练策略因事件距离而异,建议至少进行8周的干预,以实现有意义的适应.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 游泳表现表现 游泳表现表现
背景情况:
- 竞争性游泳需要高水平的有氧能力和特定的性能指标.
- 了解不同训练模式的影响对于优化运动员发展至关重要.
- 高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 已成为各种体育运动中强有力的训练策略.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析HIIT对竞技游泳者的生理适应和表现的影响.
- 为了比较不同HIIT协议和持续时间的有效性,以改善游泳结果.
- 在竞技游泳中为HIIT实施提供基于证据的建议.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行系统审查和元分析.
- 从创立到2025年7月,搜索了五个数据库,查找相关的随机对照试验和干预研究.
- 使用PEDro尺度评估方法质量,并使用随机效应元分析来计算标准化平均差异 (SMD).
主要成果:
- 涉及237名游泳者的11项研究表明,HIIT显著改善了VO2max (SMD=0.86) 和整体游泳表现 (SMD=0.52).
- 冲刺赛事获得了最大的性能增长 (1.8%). 与其他方法相比,极化训练产生了优异的VO2max改善 (8.8%).
- 至少8周的干预措施比较短的方案 (SMD=0.42) 更有效 (SMD=0.78). 超短赛速训练显示提高了效率.
结论:
- 在竞技游泳者中,HIIT始终改善有氧能力和游泳表现.
- 根据事件距离推特定的HIIT协议:冲刺的超短赛速,中距离的极化,以及长距离事件的潜在金字塔式.
- 为了实现显著的生理适应和性能提升,需要至少持续8周的干预时间.
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