红线,社区财富和空气污染:三个城市的故事 - 波士顿,纳什维尔和底特律
Jorja Kahn1, Heike Luttmann-Gibson2, Jeff Blossom3
1Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
概括
历史上的红线继续影响美国社区,随着时间的推移,空气污染的差异仍然存在. 这些环境不公正不成比例地影响了少数民族和资源不足的社区,突出了歧视性做法的持久影响.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 城市规划是城市规划.
- 社会流行病学社会流行病学
背景情况:
- 尽管空气质量有所改善,但在美国社区仍然存在显著的差异.
- 历史上的政府做法,如红线划定,可能会导致持续的环境不平等.
研究的目的:
- 调查城市内空气污染差异在历史上被红线划分的地区随着时间的推移而持续存在的问题.
- 评估历史红线,纵向人口结构模式和波士顿,纳什维尔和底特律的空气污染物水平 (PM2.5和NO2) 之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 从2000年至2016年使用了高分辨率的每日空气污染估计值 (PM2.5,NO2).
- 集成数字化红线图与人口普查数据,以分析人口普查区一级的趋势.
- 评估人口和社会经济因素,包括贫困,收入,住房价值和社会脆弱性指数 (SVI).
主要成果:
- 历史上红线划分的地区始终显示出更高比例的黑人居民,增加了贫困,收入较低,以及更高的SVI.
- 虽然空气污染总体下降了,但在波士顿,二氧化物暴露差异仍然存在,在纳什维尔扩大.
- 到2016年,底特律在各个地区都显示出类似的NO2水平,无论红线历史如何.
结论:
- 城市的歧视性做法具有持久的社会,经济和环境后果.
- 与历史性的红线化相关的空气污染差异在一些城市仍然存在,而其他城市则显示暴露水平的趋同.
- 调查结果强调需要有针对性的干预措施来解决历史上边缘化社区的环境不公正问题.
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