流感疫苗推和覆盖范围 (2018-2023):疫情防控和应对的基础
Margaux M I Meslé1, Pernille Jorgensen1, Amal Barakat2
1World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Denmark.
Vaccine
|March 12, 2026
概括
全球季节性流感疫苗接种覆盖率正在改善,越来越多的国家发布了建议,并增加了接种率,特别是在老年人和医疗保健工作者中. 经济因素显著影响老年人群的疫苗接种覆盖率.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 季节性流感对全球健康构成重大负担,每年造成数百万严重疾病和死亡.
- 流感疫苗接种是减轻疾病严重程度和死亡率的关键策略,特别是在弱势群体中.
- 国家疫苗接种计划对于疫情准备和应对至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查2018年至2023年期间全球季节性流感疫苗接种覆盖率和建议.
- 分析按世卫组织地区和收入群体的疫苗接种数据.
- 确定与老年人疫苗接种率更高相关的因素.
主要方法:
- 分析了世卫组织和联合国儿童基金会关于免疫接种的联合报告表格 (JRF) 的数据.
- 纳入世界银行收入分类,用于区域和基于收入的分析.
- 应用线性回归模型来评估老年人疫苗接种覆盖率的预测因素.
主要成果:
- 全球向JRF的报告从84%增加到93%;覆盖数据报告略有增加,从51%增加到53%.
- 对卫生和护理工作者 (HCW) 和老年人的建议是最常见的;HCW覆盖率超过了世卫组织四个地区的老年人覆盖率.
- 国内生产总值 (GDP) 是老年人高疫苗接种率的唯一显著预测因素;在西太平洋地区,孕妇的疫苗接种率大幅增加.
结论:
- 自2018年以来,全球季节性流感疫苗接种建议和覆盖率呈现出积极的趋势,提高了国家疫情防控能力.
- 疫苗接种覆盖率的区域差异仍然很大.
- 经济因素,如国内生产总值,在实现老年人高流感疫苗接种率方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
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