哺乳的教育和种族差异:与工作地位,社会支持和压力相关联
Britney P Smart1, Margaret S Butler2, J'Vian Ferguson3
1Sinai Urban Health Institute, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
概括
社会经济地位 (SES) 和种族显著影响母乳养的开始. 较低的SES和有色人种 (POC) 显示出出院时母乳养的几率最低,凸显出需要结合策略来实现公平.
科学领域:
- 孕产妇和儿童的健康
- 健康差距 研究 研究 研究 研究
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 社会经济地位 (SES) 是影响健康结果的已知因素,包括婴儿养做法.
- 了解种族和SES的交叉关系对于解决母乳养差异至关重要.
- 以前的研究表明,不同的人口群体的母乳养率存在差异.
研究的目的:
- 根据种族和教育程度,检查出院时的母乳养模式.
- 调查社会支持,压力和就业状况是否调解了种族/SES和母乳养之间的关系.
- 根据种族和社会经济地位,确定开始母乳养的差异.
主要方法:
- 测量母亲压力研究的二次分析 (n=636).
- 调查数据收集了怀孕期间感知到的压力,社会支持和工作时间.
- 种族分类为白人或有色人种 (POC);SES分类根据教育程度 (低,中等,高). 从医疗记录中抽取的婴儿养数据. 用于测试关联的物流回归.
主要成果:
- 与高SES白人参与者相比,低SES POC在出院时母乳养的几率明显较低 (aOR:0.10,95% CI:0.04,0.23).
- 在所有种族/民族群体中,较高的SES与母乳养的几率增加有关.
- 工作时间增加,社会支持增加和感知到的压力与出院时母乳养没有显著的关联.
结论:
- 开始母乳养受到教育程度和种族/种族的综合影响的影响.
- 社会支持,就业状况和感知到的压力并不能解释观察到的母乳养结果的差异.
- 实现母乳养公平的战略必须考虑种族和SES的交叉影响.
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