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人工智能伦理学的叙事审查:我们准备好在手术中使用人工智能了吗?
Erin Yu1, Graeme M Rosenberg2, Brooks V Udelsman2
1Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Journal of thoracic disease
|March 12, 2026
概括
在外科手术中,人工智能 (AI) 提供了更好的决策和指导,但也引发了诸如偏见和问责制之类的伦理问题. 外科界需要更好的机构和个人准备,以安全和道德地整合AI.
科学领域:
- 手术方面的创新.
- 医疗人工智能的人工智能
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地被整合到手术护理中,从术前诊断到术后恢复.
- 人工智能应用增强了临床决策,并提供了手术内指导,改善了手术结果.
- 人工智能在外科手术中的扩展需要解决重大伦理挑战,并评估外科社区的准备.
研究的目的:
- 审查人工智能在整个外科连续的当前应用.
- 识别和分析与手术中人工智能集成相关的伦理考虑和障碍.
- 探索外科界是否准备好在机构和个人层面上解决AI相关的伦理问题.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed上对2018年至2025年间发表的研究进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 专注于手术中的AI的14项关键研究被选中进行深入审查.
- 该审查评估了人工智能应用,伦理影响和手术护理中的整合障碍.
主要成果:
- 人工智能在瘤检测,诊断和风险分层等领域向临床医生展示了优越或可比的性能.
- 人工智能工具提供了手术期间的好处,如手术阶段识别和增强现实指导.
- 重要的伦理问题包括算法偏见,缺乏透明度,知情同意的复杂性,问责制和外科医生"自动化偏见".
结论:
- 人工智能有巨大的潜力提高外科护理,但它的实施必须以非有害性,正义,公益性和患者自主性的伦理原则为指导.
- 确保公平,透明和知情同意对于在手术中负责任地采用人工智能至关重要.
- 外科医生必须保持临床判断和信任,使用人工智能作为支持工具,而不是取代人类专业知识.
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