根据种族和民族,KRAS变异频率和结肠直肠癌特定的生存率
Gladys M Rodriguez1, Mayada Aljehani2,3,4, Dylan DePuy5
1Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, Illinois.
JAMA network open
|March 12, 2026
概括
患有结直肠癌的西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人患者的KRAS变体患病率较高. 在这些群体中,KRAS变异与更糟糕的生存率有关,这强调了有针对性的研究的必要性.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 是美国癌症死亡的主要原因.
- 少数群体,包括西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人患者,面临更高的CRC死亡率.
- 了解导致这些生存差异的生物学因素,如KRAS变异,至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在结直肠癌中研究KRAS变异频率的种族和民族差异.
- 确定不同种族和民族群体中KRAS变体存在与结直肠癌特异性生存率之间的关联.
主要方法:
- 一项基于人口的横截面研究,利用来自监测,流行病学和最终结果 (SEER) 计划的数据.
- 包括在2010年至2015年期间被诊断患有结直肠癌的患者,随访至2018年12月.
- 使用累积发病率函数和细灰回归模型分析KRAS变异频率和结直肠癌特异性生存率.
主要成果:
- 与非西班牙裔亚洲/太平洋岛民和非西班牙裔白人患者相比,西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人患者的KRAS变异频率更高.
- 在KRAS野生型瘤患者中,西班牙裔患者的结直肠癌特定死亡累积发病率最高.
- 在KRAS变异瘤患者中,非西班牙裔黑人患者的结直肠癌特定死亡和风险增加的累计发病率最高 (sHR,1.18).
结论:
- 在患有结直肠癌的西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人患者中观察到更高的KRAS变体流行率.
- 与非西班牙裔白人患者相比,非西班牙裔黑人患者中KRAS变异的存在与特定原因生存率较差有关.
- 患有野生类型KRAS瘤的西班牙裔患者的生存率也较低,这突出了种族,遗传学和结直肠癌的复杂相互作用.
相关概念视频
Cancer Survival Analysis
808
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
808
The Ras Gene
7.4K
The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a...
Ras is a...
7.4K
Tumor Progression
7.7K
Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
7.7K
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
687
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
687
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase
61
Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
61
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants
70
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
70


