[德国无证移民获得医疗保健 - - 范围审查]
Carolin Ochs1, Maike Grube2,3, Anja Dieterich4
1Berlin School of Public Health, Alice Salomon Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland.
概括
德国的无证移民面临着主要的医疗保健接入障碍,医疗保健往往仅限于紧急情况. 尽管有努力,但他们的健康权仍然没有得到满足,这凸显了系统中的关键差距.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 移民研究 移民研究
- 医疗保健获取研究 医疗保健获取研究
背景情况:
- 德国的无证移民面临着大量的医疗保健接入挑战.
- 社会当局的报告义务造成了被发现和驱逐的风险,阻碍了根据"寻求庇护者福利法"获得权利的服务.
- 这项研究提供了对德国这一群体的医疗保健准入研究的首次系统审查.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和分析现有的关于德国无证移民获得医疗保健的研究.
- 识别和分类医疗保健的法律,结构和实际障碍.
- 评估治疗缺陷并探索潜在的解决方案.
主要方法:
- 在多个数据库 (Medline,CINAHL,PSYNDEX,SocINDEX,Juris) 中按照PRISMA-ScR标准进行系统的文献搜索.
- 包括2005年至2024年间发表的研究.
- 分析数据,重点关注获取障碍,治疗差距和推措施,补充电子邮件查询和手动搜索.
主要成果:
- 对88项主要是定量研究的分析显示,没有有效居留许可的个人获得医疗保健的机会有限.
- 医疗保健通常仅限于紧急服务,以中断治疗和缺乏护理连续性为特征.
- 人道主义援助和匿名凭证提供了部分解决方案,但不足以替代常规医疗保健.
结论:
- 尽管有民间社会倡议,无证移民在德国仍然受到不足的服务.
- 对这一群体来说,获得健康的基本权利尚未得到充分实现.
- 未来的研究应该优先考虑道德原则,包括关怀,减少伤害和受影响个人的自决权.
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