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植物化学防御的发展中的结构性创新

Paola Rubiano-Buitrago¹, Amy P Hastings¹, Masaaki Uematsu²

¹Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|March 12, 2026

概括

植物的化学防御通过结构性创新进化,比如在乳草中添加-硫异环. 这项创新通过增强与向酶的结合来恢复对草食动物的毒性,从而推动防御多样化.

科学领域:

进化生物学进化生物学
植物化学植物化学
生物化学生物化学

背景情况:

化学防御对于生物的生存至关重要,在医学和农业中都有应用.
植物防御化学适应了像食草动物这样的压力,重点是毒素的丰富性和多样性.
卡尔德诺利德,来自乳草的类固醇糖化物,是抑制Na+/K+-ATPases的关键植物防御.

研究的目的:

研究植物化学防御中的结构性创新的演变.
了解乳草卡丁诺化物中的结构变化如何影响对自然敌人的毒性.
探索植物中新化学结构的宏观进化模式.

主要方法:

利用了分子复杂度指标,代谢学和分子对接.
对乳草种 (Asclepiadoideae) 进行了遗传学分析.
评估了对共进化的食草动物,如君主蝶的卡德诺利德毒性.

主要成果:

鉴定了-硫 (N,S) 异环添加作为卡登化物中的关键结构创新.
通过增强与Na+/K+-ATPases的结合亲和力,克服位抗性,N,S-cardenolides恢复了毒性.
两个不同的N,S-cardenolides,乌沙林和拉布里福明,表现出不同的进化历史,与N,S-创新的重复进化.
在Asclepias中,N,S-cardenolides广泛存在,与增加的cardenolide丰富性,多样性和毒性相关.

结论:

结构性创新是植物防御的重要进化途径,使得多样化和毒性恢复成为可能.
N,S-cardenolides的演变表明,由草食动物压力所驱动的反复创新,受到生物合成途径的限制.
这项研究强调了新型分子结构的演变如何提高植物对专家草食动物的防御效率.

关键词:

卡丁诺化物有毒物质 cardenolide.化学生态化学生态学共同进化的共同进化植物防御理论的理论.二次性化合物二次性化合物

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