预防或减少护士倦怠的干预措施:系统审查和元分析
Segundo Jiménez-García1, Aitana Flor-Martínez2
1Clinical Nursing Research Group, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Alicante, 03690, Alicante, Spain.
International journal of nursing studies
|March 12, 2026
概括
正念和积极心理学干预措施有效地减少了护士的倦怠,特别是情绪疲劳. 这些可扩展的策略提供了一种有希望的方法来改善护士的福利和保留.
科学领域:
- 护理研究 护理研究
- 职业健康心理学 职业健康心理学
- 基于证据的实践.
背景情况:
- 护理倦怠,包括情绪疲,非个性化和职业效率降低,会对医疗保健质量和护士福祉产生负面影响.
- 现有干预措施的有效性各不相同,对于持续减少倦怠的个人层面与组织层面策略的优越性存在不确定性.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估针对护士的干预措施对全球倦怠及其维度的影响.
- 探索干预效应的持久性,并确定调节者,如干预类型和水平 (个人与组织).
主要方法:
- 一个系统的审查和随机,准实验或受控前后研究的元分析,涉及注册护士.
- 在六个主要数据库 (MEDLINE,CENTRAL,PsycINFO,CINAHL,Scopus,Web of Science) 进行搜索,截至2025年10月.
- 随机效应的元分析被用于计算效应大小 (Hedges g),使用I2和子组分析评估异质性.
主要成果:
- 涉及63项干预措施的46项研究表明,全球倦怠率显著降低 (g = -0.71).
- 干预措施对情绪疲 (g = -1.46) 和非个性化 (g = -0.89) 最有效,对个人成就的影响不那么一致.
- 正念,和简短的积极心理学干预显示出最一致的积极结果.
结论:
- 基于正念和积极心理学干预是减轻护士倦怠,特别是情绪疲劳的最可靠和可扩展的方法.
- 通过受保护的时间和管理支持的混合关系方法显示出希望,而被动教育干预措施是不够的.
- 卫生系统应整合可访问的数字正念或感恩干预措施,并支持团队级反思性实践.
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