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相关概念视频

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control01:16

Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control

7.0K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
7.0K
Solubility03:00

Solubility

21.8K
Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
In a solution, the solute particles (molecules,...
21.8K
Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area01:23

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Particle Size and Effective Surface Area

1.9K
Dissolution kinetics, an essential aspect of oral drug delivery, is significantly influenced by the drug's particle size. According to the Noyes-Whitney dissolution model, the dissolution rate correlates directly with the drug's surface area. The larger the surface area, the higher the drug's solubility in water, leading to a faster drug dissolution rate. Reducing particle size increases the effective surface area, enhancing the dissolution process. Micronization and nanosizing are...
1.9K
Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

6.7K
The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
6.7K
Liquid–Solid Solutions01:29

Liquid–Solid Solutions

45
The process of a solid dissolving in a liquid to form a solution is governed by the solubility limit, which is the maximum amount of the solid substance, or solute, that can be dissolved in a specific volume of the liquid or solvent. As the solute dissolves, it reaches a point where no more solute can be dissolved at a given temperature - this is known as the saturation point. However, if further solute is added and it manages to dissolve, the solution becomes supersaturated. Supersaturated...
45
Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison

379
The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
379

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相关实验视频

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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
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对难溶性颗粒的定量定义.

Lan Ma-Hock1, Heidi Stratmann2, Matthias Hufnagel3

  • 1Experimental Toxicology and Ecology BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Lan.ma-hock@basf.com.

Particle and fibre toxicology
|March 13, 2026
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

定义难溶性颗粒 (PSLT) 对于吸入风险评估至关重要. 本研究提出了一种量化,非动物方法来定义PSLT标准,重点关注肺部过载和巨细胞清除. 该方法建立了一个临界溶解率值,用于将颗粒分类为难溶性.

关键词:
清除 (最大 7) 的时间.解散 解散 解散 是一个过程.欧洲经济与发展中心 (ECETOC)炎症 炎症是一种炎症.肺部的负担增加了.难溶性颗粒物 难溶性颗粒物

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相关实验视频

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Flash NanoPrecipitation for the Encapsulation of Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Compounds in Polymeric Nanoparticles
10:12

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科学领域:

  • 颗粒毒理学 颗粒毒理学
  • 吸入风险评估 吸入风险评估
  • 监管科学 监管科学

背景情况:

  • 难溶性低毒性 (PSLT) 颗粒在吸入毒理学中被认可,但缺乏"难溶性" (PS) 标准的准确定义.
  • 现有的定义影响毒理学研究的解释和危害分类,需要采用定量方法.
  • 已经探索了"低毒性" (LT) 方面,但PS标准需要一个定义的框架.

研究的目的:

  • 建立定量,非动物标准来定义难溶性颗粒 (PSPs).
  • 开发一种基于肺过载和巨细胞清除机制的评估PSP潜力的方法.
  • 为在吸入毒理方面相关的颗粒可溶性进行无动物评估提供一个框架.

主要方法:

  • 使用模型粒子量化评估PSP潜力.
  • 计算了与肺过载值 (1μL/g肺组织) 相应的临界溶解速率.
  • 开发了一个公式来将非生物溶解速率转换为生物 (老鼠) 溶解速率,用于无动物评估.

主要成果:

  • 大多数被评估的物质的溶解率低于临界值,因此被视为PSP.
  • 没有观察到不良反应度 (NOAECs) 的肺负荷仍然低于这些物质的肺过载极限.
  • 临界值溶解速率是粒子特定的,受密度,尺寸分布和度的影响,需要逐个评估.

结论:

  • 拟议的量化,非动物方法为难溶性颗粒 (PSP) 提供了可靠的定义.
  • 该方法有助于准确解释吸入毒理学研究和危害分类.
  • 该框架支持监管科学,允许对颗粒可溶性和潜在的肺过载进行无动物评估.